Araştırma Makalesi
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The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 101 - 119, 27.12.2025

Öz

Packaging design promotes the product by introducing it to the masses and driving sales. This is particularly used in the tobacco industry, which is controversial due to its ability to reach large audiences and its harmful effects on human health. The tobacco epidemic causes more than 7 million deaths each year, as well as disabilities and long-term suffering due to tobacco-related diseases. It is one of the world's greatest public health threats. The tobacco industry has resorted to various advertising tools to market its products. Tobacco packaging, which serves advertising functions rather than just protecting the product, has been designed to influence consumers through typography, colors, and visual images that have strengthened the brand image for many years. However, the “plain packaging” practices developed under the leadership of the World Health Organization are designed to essentially eliminate packaging's advertising function and emphasize its informational function. They aim to reduce cigarette consumption by removing the visual appeal of tobacco packages and adding warnings for consumers. Australia was among the first countries to implement this policy. Countries such as Turkey, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Israel have also limited the advertising function of design with similar regulations. In contrast, some regions of Africa and Asia still use brand-focused, eye-catching packaging designs with a strong visual identity. This difference in tobacco packaging design leads to significant differences worldwide. The study examined tobacco packaging with a strong visual identity in countries with plain packaging policies, using a comparative analysis. Within the scope of the research, the tobacco packaging of PMI and KT&G companies on market shelves between 2013 and 2018 was compared in terms of color, typography, structural form, cultural elements, post-printing applications, and visual design using examples from Indonesia, South Korea, and Egypt. The findings were tabulated and interpreted. The second section evaluates the smoking rates, socioeconomic indicators, and tobacco policies of countries with plain packaging versus those with strong visual identity. In this context, it analyzes how packaging functions not only as an aesthetic object but also as an effective communication tool and advertising element influencing tobacco consumption. The findings aim to serve as a resource for graphic design students, designers, and relevant researchers in accurately evaluating the advertising and informational functions of packaging.

Kaynakça

  • Becer, E. (2017). Ambalaj tasarımı [Packaging design]. Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Bossa Nova (t.y.). Music of Latin America Unit 5 Review. Retrieved from https://fiveable.me/music-of-latin-america/unit-5/bossa-nova/study-guide/nRAgNXK05ZgFV1rj?utm_source=chatgpt.com (Access date: November 10, 2025).
  • Cohen, J., Zhou, S., Goodchild, M., & Allwright, S. (2020). Plain packaging of tobacco products: Lessons for the next. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 18, 94. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/130378
  • Gendall, P., Hoek, J., Edwards, R., & McCool, J. (2012). A cross-sectional analysis of how young adults. BMC Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-796.
  • Gülşen, P. (2022). Renkler [Colors]. Destek Yayınları.
  • Hussain, S., Ali, S., Ibrahim, M., Noreen, A., & Ahmad, S. F. (2015). Impact of product packaging on consumer perception and purchase intention. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 10, 1-10.
  • Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (2023). Global burden of disease. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
  • International Monetary Fund (2025). GDP per capita, current prices. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/ SRB/TUR/GBR/GUY (Access date: November 14, 2025).
  • McNeill, A., Gravely, S., Hitchman, S., Bauld , L., Hammond, D., & Hartmann-Boyce , J. (2017). Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011244.pub2.
  • Nuryunarsih, D., Lewis, S., & Langley, T. (2021). Health risks of kretek cigarettes: A systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res, 8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab016
  • Pan American Health Organization. (2025). Tobacco control. Pan American Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.paho.org/en/topics/tobacco-control?utm_source=chatgpt.com (Access date: November 4, 2025).
  • Panwar, J. S. (2004). Beyond consumer marketing: Sectoral marketing and emerging trends. Response Books. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/id/10287636 (Access date: October 6, 2025).
  • Sanağ, B. (2024). 2020-2021 Pentawards en iyi ambalaj tasarımı ödüllü gıda ambalajlarının grafik tasarım yönünden incelenmesi (Analysis of 2020-2021 Pentawards best packaging design awarded food packages in the scope of graphic design) [Master’s thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Educational Sciences, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Uğur, E. (2020). Eski sigara ambalajlarının görsel iletişim tasarımı açısından estetik boyutunun değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of aesthetic dimension of old cigarette packaging in terms of visual communication design]. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22, 389-405.
  • Wakefield, M., Morley, C., Horan, J., & Cummings, K. (2002). The cigarette pack as image: New evidence from tobacco industry documents. Tobacco Control, 11(1), i73-i79. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i73
  • WHO (2013). Guidelines for implementation of Article 11 (Packaging and labelling of tobacco products) of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://fctc.who.int/resources/publications/m/item/packaging-and-labelling-of-tobacco-products (Access date: November 10, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2016). Plain packaging of tobacco products: Evidence, design and implementation. World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization (2022). Tobacco plain packaging: global status 2021 update. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240051607 (Access date: November 10, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2024). Age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use among persons 15 years and older (%).World Health Organization Data. Retrieved from https://data.who.int/indicators/i/847662C/75DDA77?m49=410 (Access date: October 27, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2025). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2025: Warning about the dangers of tobacco. World Health Organization (Access date: October 27, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2025a). World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://data.who.int/countries/410 (Access date: October 27, 2025).
  • World Hearth Organization (2025b). Tobacco. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco (Access date: November 6, 2025).

Tütün Ambalaj Tasarımlarının Reklam Yönü ve Küresel Uygulamalar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 101 - 119, 27.12.2025

Öz

Ambalaj tasarımı, ürünü kitlelere tanıtarak ve satış stratejisi güderek ürünün reklamını yapmaktadır. Bu durum, insan sağlığına zararlı olmasıyla tartışmalı bir endüstri olan tütün sektöründe de sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Tütün salgını, her yıl 7 milyondan fazla ölüme; ayrıca tütünle ilişkili hastalıklardan kaynaklanan sakatlıklara ve uzun süreli acılara neden olmaktadır. Dünyanın karşı karşıya kaldığı en büyük halk sağlığı tehditlerinden biridir. Tütün sektörü, ürünlerini pazarlamak için çeşitli reklam araçlarına başvurmuştur. Sadece ürünü koruma işlevinin yanı sıra reklam işlevini de öne çıkaran tütün ambalajları; uzun yıllar boyunca marka imajını güçlendiren, tipografi, renk ve görsel imgelerle tüketiciyi etkilemeyi hedefleyen tasarımlarla üretilmiştir. Ancak World Health Organization (WHO) [Dünya Sağlık Örgütü]’nün öncülüğünde geliştirilen “Düz Ambalaj” uygulamaları, ambalajın reklam işlevini ortadan kaldırmayı ve bilgi verme işlevini öne çıkartmayı amaçlayan yeni bir tasarım stratejisi olmuştur. Bu uygulama tütün paketlerinin görsel çekiciliğini ortadan kaldırıp tüketiciler için uyarılar ekleyerek sigara tüketimini azaltmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu politikanın uygulandığı ilk ülkeler arasında Avustralya yer almış; Türkiye, İngiltere, Kanada ve İsrail vb. ülkeler de benzer düzenlemelerle tasarımın reklam işlevini sınırlamıştır. Buna karşılık Afrika ve Asya’nın bazı bölgelerinde hâlâ marka odaklı, dikkat çekici, görsel kimliği yoğun ambalaj tasarımları kullanılmakta ve tütün ambalaj tasarımlarındaki bu farklılık, küresel ölçekte ciddi farklılıklara yol açmaktadır. Araştırmada görsel kimliği yoğun tütün ambalajları nitel, düz ambalaj politikası uygulan ülkeler nicel (veri) analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 2013-2018 yılları arasında market raflarında yer alan PMI ve KT&G firmalarının tütün ambalajları; Endonezya, Güney Kore ve Mısır örnekleri; renk, tipografi, strüktür form, kültürel öğe, baskı sonrası uygulama ve görsel tasarım açısından karşılaştırılmış elde edilen bulgular tablolaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise düz ambalaj uygulayan ülkeler ile görsel kimliği yoğun ülkelerin tütün içme oranları, sosyoekonomik göstergeleri ve tütün politikaları değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, ambalajın yalnızca estetik bir nesne değil aynı zamanda tütün tüketimi üzerinde etkili bir iletişim aracı ve reklam unsuru olarak nasıl işlev gördüğü analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların, ambalajın reklam ve bilgi verme işlevlerini doğru biçimde değerlendirme noktasında grafik tasarım öğrencilerine, tasarımcılara ve ilgili araştırmacılara kaynak oluşturması amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Becer, E. (2017). Ambalaj tasarımı [Packaging design]. Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Bossa Nova (t.y.). Music of Latin America Unit 5 Review. Retrieved from https://fiveable.me/music-of-latin-america/unit-5/bossa-nova/study-guide/nRAgNXK05ZgFV1rj?utm_source=chatgpt.com (Access date: November 10, 2025).
  • Cohen, J., Zhou, S., Goodchild, M., & Allwright, S. (2020). Plain packaging of tobacco products: Lessons for the next. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 18, 94. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/130378
  • Gendall, P., Hoek, J., Edwards, R., & McCool, J. (2012). A cross-sectional analysis of how young adults. BMC Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-796.
  • Gülşen, P. (2022). Renkler [Colors]. Destek Yayınları.
  • Hussain, S., Ali, S., Ibrahim, M., Noreen, A., & Ahmad, S. F. (2015). Impact of product packaging on consumer perception and purchase intention. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 10, 1-10.
  • Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (2023). Global burden of disease. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
  • International Monetary Fund (2025). GDP per capita, current prices. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/ SRB/TUR/GBR/GUY (Access date: November 14, 2025).
  • McNeill, A., Gravely, S., Hitchman, S., Bauld , L., Hammond, D., & Hartmann-Boyce , J. (2017). Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011244.pub2.
  • Nuryunarsih, D., Lewis, S., & Langley, T. (2021). Health risks of kretek cigarettes: A systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res, 8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab016
  • Pan American Health Organization. (2025). Tobacco control. Pan American Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.paho.org/en/topics/tobacco-control?utm_source=chatgpt.com (Access date: November 4, 2025).
  • Panwar, J. S. (2004). Beyond consumer marketing: Sectoral marketing and emerging trends. Response Books. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/id/10287636 (Access date: October 6, 2025).
  • Sanağ, B. (2024). 2020-2021 Pentawards en iyi ambalaj tasarımı ödüllü gıda ambalajlarının grafik tasarım yönünden incelenmesi (Analysis of 2020-2021 Pentawards best packaging design awarded food packages in the scope of graphic design) [Master’s thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Educational Sciences, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Uğur, E. (2020). Eski sigara ambalajlarının görsel iletişim tasarımı açısından estetik boyutunun değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of aesthetic dimension of old cigarette packaging in terms of visual communication design]. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22, 389-405.
  • Wakefield, M., Morley, C., Horan, J., & Cummings, K. (2002). The cigarette pack as image: New evidence from tobacco industry documents. Tobacco Control, 11(1), i73-i79. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i73
  • WHO (2013). Guidelines for implementation of Article 11 (Packaging and labelling of tobacco products) of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://fctc.who.int/resources/publications/m/item/packaging-and-labelling-of-tobacco-products (Access date: November 10, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2016). Plain packaging of tobacco products: Evidence, design and implementation. World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization (2022). Tobacco plain packaging: global status 2021 update. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240051607 (Access date: November 10, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2024). Age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use among persons 15 years and older (%).World Health Organization Data. Retrieved from https://data.who.int/indicators/i/847662C/75DDA77?m49=410 (Access date: October 27, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2025). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2025: Warning about the dangers of tobacco. World Health Organization (Access date: October 27, 2025).
  • World Health Organization (2025a). World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://data.who.int/countries/410 (Access date: October 27, 2025).
  • World Hearth Organization (2025b). Tobacco. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco (Access date: November 6, 2025).
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Grafik Tasarımı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Berfin Tuna 0000-0002-0877-9448

Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuna, B. (2025). The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications. ArtDesign Journal, 1(1), 101-119.
AMA Tuna B. The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications. ArtDesign Journal. Aralık 2025;1(1):101-119.
Chicago Tuna, Berfin. “The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications”. ArtDesign Journal 1, sy. 1 (Aralık 2025): 101-19.
EndNote Tuna B (01 Aralık 2025) The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications. ArtDesign Journal 1 1 101–119.
IEEE B. Tuna, “The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications”, ArtDesign Journal, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 101–119, 2025.
ISNAD Tuna, Berfin. “The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications”. ArtDesign Journal 1/1 (Aralık2025), 101-119.
JAMA Tuna B. The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications. ArtDesign Journal. 2025;1:101–119.
MLA Tuna, Berfin. “The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications”. ArtDesign Journal, c. 1, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 101-19.
Vancouver Tuna B. The Advertising Function of Tobacco Packaging Design and its Global Regulatory Applications. ArtDesign Journal. 2025;1(1):101-19.

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