Askeri Personelde Kardiyovasküler Risk Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye’de Yapılan Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 31 - 35, 22.12.2022

Serhat Günlü Mehmet Zülkif Karahan

https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1200820

Cited By: 1

Öz

Giriş: Kardiyovasküler (KV) risk faktörleri yüksek morbidite ve mortalite oranları ile ilişkilidir; ancak, Türk askeri mensupları için yaygınlık verileri mevcut değildir.
Amaç: Kolordu Komutanlığı Askeri Birimi'ndeki askerler arasında kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerinin görülme sıklığını belirlemek ve sosyo-demografik özelliklerle ilişkisini değerlendirmek.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 25222 aktif görevli personel ile kesitsel bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri bir anket ile değerlendirildi. İkiden fazla risk faktörü olan veya aktif kardiyak şikayeti olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. EKG, ekokardiyografi ve biyokimyasal testler yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 19.43±2.12 yıl olan 835 birey dahil edildi. Hastaların %19.6'sında hipertansiyon, %5.6'sında dislipidemi, %39.6'sında sigara, %2.4'ünde diabetes mellitus ve %9.8'inde pozitif aile öyküsü vardı. Hastaların %54'ünde fiziksel aktivite sıklığı gözlenmedi. Sigara içme ile zihinsel stres arasında önemli derecede pozitif bir ilişki bulundu (r=1.07, p<0.001).
Sonuç: Kolordu komuta personeli arasında kardiyovasküler risk açısından en fazla hipertansiyon ve sigara kullanımı görüldü. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, askeri sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcılarının kardiyovasküler hastalık riski taşıyan bireyler üzerinde yıllık periyodik muayeneler yapmaları gerektiğine dair ikna edici kanıtlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kardiyovasküler hastalık, risk faktörleri, askeri personel, sigara, zihinsel stres

An Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Turkey

Öz

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates; however, prevalence data for Turkish military members are unknown.
Aim: This study determines how common cardiovascular risk factors are among military members in the Corps Command Military Unit and how they relate to socio-demographic parameters.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted with 25222 active-duty individuals. A questionnaire was used to assess cardiovascular risk factors. This study included patients with more than two risk factors or current cardiac complaints. ECGs, echocardiograms, and biochemical testing were performed.
Results: The study employed 835 individuals with an average age of 19.43±2.12 years. 19.6% of them had hypertension, 5.6% had dyslipidemia, 39.6% were smokers, 2.4% had diabetes mellitus, and 9.8% had a positive family history. Physical activity frequency was not observed in 54% of the patients before enlisting in the military. There was a significant positive correlation between smoking and mental stress (r=1.07, p<0.001).
Conclusion: In terms of cardiovascular risk, hypertension and smoking were found to be the most prevalent among the Corps command staff. Therefore, this study provides compelling evidence that military healthcare providers should conduct annual periodic checks on those at risk for cardiovascular diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cardiovascular disease, risk factor, military personnel, smoking, mental stress

Kaynakça

• Rustom TMA, Rahman MM, Iqbal SA, Hasan MNA. Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among selected military personnel of Bangladesh. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh. 2018;14(2):186-189.
• Gielerak G, Krzesiński P, Piotrowicz K, Murawski P. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among polish soldiers: The results from the mil-score program. Cardiology Research and Practice, 2020.
• Mirzaeipour F, Seyedmazhari M, Pishgooie AH, Hazaryan M. Assessment of risk factors for coronary artery disease in military personnel: A study from Iran. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(4):1347-1351. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_109_19
• Whelton PK et al. ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017:1-283.
• Dod instruction 6130.03 medical standards for appointment, ensistement or induction into the military services. 2018:1–18.
• Na PJ, Nichter B, Hill ML, Kim B, Norman SB, Pietrzak RH. Severity of substance use as an indicator of suicide risk among U.S. military veterans. Addict Behav. 2021;122:107035. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107035
• Bermea AM, Fraenkel P, Benson K, St James C, Bowen M. Intimate partner violence: A focus on queer families, families and substance use, and military couples. 2020.
• Simic R, Ratkovic N, Dragojevic Simic V, et al. Cost analysis of health examination screening program for ischemic heart disease in active-duty military personnel in the Middle-Income Country. Front Public Health. 2021;9:634778. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.634778
• Egan BM. Hypertension in military veterans is associated with combat exposure and combat injury. J Hypertens. 2020;38(7):1255-1256. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002414
• Hunter A, Holdsworth DA, D’Arcy J, et al. J R Army Med Corps 2015;161:200–205.
• Wang C, Yuan Y, Zheng M, et al. Association of age of onset of hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(23):2921-2930. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.038
• AlQuaiz AM, Kazi A, Alodhayani AA, Almeneessier A, AlHabeeb KM, Siddiqui AR. Age and gender differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores in adults in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2021;42(5):526-536. doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.5.20200684
• Salimi Y, Taghdir M, Sepandi M, Karimi Zarchi AA. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian military personnel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):162. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6484-z
• Ajejas Bazán M, Fuentes Mora C, Ballester Orcal LE, et al. A questionnaire survey of personal and occupational variables associated with SARS-COV-2 infection in health care personnel of the spanish central military hospital. Mil Med. 2021;usab366. doi:10.1093/milmed/usab366
• Flegal KM, Caroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010;303(3):235-41.
• Hruby A, Lieberman HR, Smith TJ. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder and their relationship to health-related behaviors in over 12,000 US military personnel: Bi-directional associations. J Affect Disord. 2021;283:84-93. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.029
• Hosseini J, Nematollahi S, Shariatpanahi S, Sadegh-Zadeh Z. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iranian men; a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Men's Health Journal. 2021;5(1):e1-e1.
• Rodrigues LC, Fortes DSR, Lippert MAM, Rosa SD, Fernandes J. Visceral fat, physical fitness and biochemical markers of Brazilian military personnel. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2020;26:21-24.
• Scheel MD. Providers' Treatment for Overweight Navy Members and the Effect on Motivating Lifestyle Changes (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University) 2018.
• Azandjeme CS, Alihonou F, Sossa CJ, Gbatcho U, Gounongbe F. Factors associated with the nutritional status of schoolchildren in the main city of Benin Republic, sub-Saharan Africa. Int Arch Public Health Community Med. 2020;4:036.
• Lartey ST, de Graaff B, Magnussen CG, et al. Health service utilization and direct healthcare costs associated with obesity in older adult population in Ghana. Health Policy Plan. 2020;35(2):199-209. doi:10.1093/heapol/czz147
• Ambikapathi R, Shively G, Leyna G, et al. Informal food environment is associated with household vegetable purchase patterns and dietary intake in the DECIDE study: Empirical evidence from food vendor mapping in peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Glob Food Sec. 2021;28:100474. doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100474
• Varma PP, Raman DK, Ramakrishnan TS, et al. Prevalence of early stages of chronic kidney disease in healthy army personnel. MJAFI. 2011;67(1):9-11.
• Payab MH-RS, Merati Y, Esteghamati A, Qorbani M, Hematabadi M, Rashidian H, Shirzad N. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and different obesity phenotype in Iranian male military personnel. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(2):404–13.
• Feng YL, Zheng GY, Ling CQ. The investigation of the correlation between metabolic syndrome and Chinese medicine constitution types in senior retired military personnel of the People’s Liberation Army. Chin J Integr Med. 2012;18:485–9.
• Filho ROJ. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among soldiers of the military police of Bahia state, Brazil. Am J Mens Health. 2014;8(4):310–5.
• Hall N, Constantinou M, Brown M, et al. Profiles of Recruits Entering Army Basic Training in New Zealand [published online ahead of print, 2022 Apr 12]. Mil Med. 2022;usac090. doi:10.1093/milmed/usac090
• Quednow BB, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Ribeaud D, Eisner M, Shanahan L. High prevalence and early onsets: Legal and illegal substance use in an urban cohort of young adults in Switzerland. Eur Addict Res. 2022;28(3):186-198. doi:10.1159/000520178
• Santangelo O, Baldwin JM, Stogner J. Does cannabis testing in the military drive synthetic cannabinoid use? Self-reported use motivations among justice-involved veterans [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jun 20]. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;106:103756. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103756
• Clary K, Habbal M, Smith D, Fratila I. The green sheep: Exploring the perceived risks and benefits of cannabis among young military members and veterans. Cannabis. 2021;4(2):31-46.
• Tikkanen E, Gustafsson S, Ingelsson E. Associations of fitness, physical activity, strength, and genetic risk with cardiovascular disease: Longitudinal analyses in the UK biobank study. Circulation. 2018;137(24):2583-2591. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032432
• Thiripurasundari R, Sreekumari K, Aravindan KP. Autopsy-based morphometric study of coronary atherosclerosis in young adults. Indian J Med Res. 2019;150(6):592-597. doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_811_17
• Günlü S, Aktan A. Evaluation of military recruits with complaints of palpitations after physical training: A study from Turkey. Cureus. 2022;14(9):e29284. doi:10.7759/cureus.29284