Ebelerdeki Sosyal Jetlag Görülme Durumunun Tükenmişlik Düzeyi ve Yaşam Doyumu ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 12, 9 - 15, 07.08.2025
Yasemin Aydın Kartal
,
Sema Aker
,
Aleyna Bulut
,
Beyzanur Kızıltaş
Öz
Giriş: Bu çalışma, ebelerin sosyal jetlag yaşama durumlarını belirlemek, bu durumun yaşam doyumu ve tükenmişlik düzeyi ile ilişkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütüldü.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve korelasyonel desende yürütülen araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul ilinde bulunan şehir hastanelerinde aktif olarak çalışmakta olan 213 ebe oluşturdu. Veriler, “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu”, “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği”, “Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği” ve “Sosyal Jetlag Formu” ile toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan ebelerin yaş ortalaması 31,59+7,71 olarak belirlendi. Ebelerin; %54’ünün uyku düzenini orta düzeyde, %63,8’inin beslenme düzeninin orta düzeyde ve %60,1’inin ise sosyal hayatını orta düzeyde tanımladığı belirlendi. Medeni durum, çocuk sahibi olma durumu ve sigara kullanma durumu değişkenlerinin ebelerin sosyal jetlag düzeylerini anlamlı olarak etkilemediği saptandı. Gelir durumu, çocuk sahibi olma durumu, çalışılan klinik, çalışma türü, uyku düzeni, beslenme düzeni ve sosyal hayat düzeni değişkenlerinin ise Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği toplam ve duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma alt boyut ortalamalarını anlamlı etkilediği belirlendi. Ebelerin tükenmişlik, yaşam doyumu ve sosyal jetlag toplam puan ortalamaları arasında yapılan korelasyon analizinde anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları doğrultusunda; ebelerin tükenmişlik düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu ve yaşam doyum düzeylerinin orta düzeyin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ebelerde sosyal jetlag, tükenmişlik ve yaşam doyumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamış olmakla birlikte, vardiya çalışma düzenlerinin biyolojik ritme uygun planlanması ve bu konuda daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Araştırmanın yürütülebilmesi için Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Hamidiye Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurul’undan etik kurul onayı alınmıştır (Sayı: 24165, Tarih: 29.12.2023). Araştırmanın tüm aşamalarında “gizlilik ilkesine” uyulmuştur ve Helsinki Bildirgesinde yer alan kurallara uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara, araştırma hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra yüz yüze olarak bilgilendirilmiş gönüllü onamları alınmıştır.
Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.
Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde yapay zeka tabanlı herhangi bir araç veya uygulama kullanılmamıştır. Çalışmanın tüm içeriği, yazar(lar) tarafından bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve akademik etik ilkelere uygun şekilde üretilmiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu araştırma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında finansal destek alınmıştır.
Teşekkür
Katkılarından dolayı TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca çalışmamıza gönüllü olarak katılım sağlayan ebelere içten teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Kaynakça
-
Alves, M. S., Andrade, R. Z., Silva, G. C., Mota, M. C., Resende, S. G., Teixeira, K. R., ... and Crispim, C. A. (2016). Social jetlag among night workers is negatively associated with the frequency of moderate or vigorous physical activity and with energy expenditure related to physical activity. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 32(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730416682110
-
Başkaya, Y. (2018). Türkiye'deki ebelerin mesleki aidiyeti ve tükenmişlik düzeyleriyle ilişkisi. Doktora Tezi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
-
Bukowska-Damska, A., Reszka, E., Kaluzny, P., Wieczorek, E., Przybek, M., Zienolddiny, S., and Peplonska, B. (2018). Sleep quality and methylation status of selected tumor suppressor genes among nurses and midwives. Chronobiology International, 35(1), 122-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1376219
-
Chang, Y. S., Chen, H. L., Wu, Y. H., Hsu, C. Y., Liu, C. K., and Hsu, C. (2014). Rotating night shifts too quickly may cause anxiety and decreased attentional performance, and impact prolactin levels during the subsequent day: a case control study. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 218. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0218-7
-
Chien, P. L., Su, H. F., Hsieh, P. C., Siao, R. Y., Ling, P. Y., and Jou, H. J. (2013). Sleep Quality among Female Hospital Staff Nurses. Sleep disorders, 2013, 283490. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/283490
-
Devore, E. E., Grodstein, F., and Schernhammer, E. S. (2013). Shift work and cognition in the Nurses' Health Study. American journal of epidemiology, 178(8), 1296–1300. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt214
-
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. and Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49 (1), 71-75
-
Dyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., Halasy, M., O'Laughlin, D. J., Satele, D., and Shanafelt, T. (2020). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration among PAs relative to other workers. JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 33(5), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000660156.17502.e6
-
Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin uyarlanması, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
-
Ertuğrul, E. (2010). Üniversite uygulama ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan hemşire, ebe, sağlık memuru ve acil tıp teknisyenlerinin tükenmişlik ve depresyon düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zonguldak.
-
Ganesan, S., Magee, M., Stone, J. E., Mulhall, M. D., Collins, A., Howard, M. E., Lockley, S. W., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., and Sletten, T. L. (2019). The Impact of Shift Work on Sleep, Alertness and Performance in Healthcare Workers. Scientific reports, 9(1), 4635. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40914-x
-
Gu, F., Xu, S., Devesa, S. S., Zhang, F., Klerman, E. B., Graubard, B. I., and Caporaso, N. E. (2017). Longitude position in a time zone and cancer risk in the United States. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 26(8), 1306-1311. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1029
-
Hansson, M., Dencker, A., Lundgren, I., Carlsson, I. M., Eriksson, M., and Hensing, G. (2022). Job satisfaction in midwives and its association with organisational and psychosocial factors at work: a nation-wide, cross-sectional study. BMC health services research, 22(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07852-3
-
Hildingsson, I., Fahlbeck, H., Larsson, B., and Johansson, M. (2024). Increasing levels of burnout in Swedish midwives–A ten-year comparative study. Women and Birth, 37(2), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2023.10.010
-
Hsieh, M. L., Li, Y. M., Chang, E. T., Lai, H. L., Wang, W. H., and Wang, S. C. (2011). Sleep disorder in Taiwanese nurses: a random sample survey. Nursing & health sciences, 13(4), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00641.x
-
İnce, B., ve Yılmaz, S. (2024). Ebelerin aidiyet, merhamet ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 5(2), 199-217.
-
Kalmbach, D. A., Arnedt, J. T., Song, P. X., Guille, C., and Sen, S. (2017). Sleep disturbance and short sleep as risk factors for depression and perceived medical errors in first-year residents. Sleep, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw073
-
Karahan, A., Abbasoğlu, A., Uğurlu, Z., Işık, S. A., Kılıç, G., ve Elbaş, N. Ö. (2020). Hemşirelerin çalıştıkları şiftlere ve kronotip özelliklerine göre uyku kalitesi, yorgunluk ve dikkat durumlarının belirlenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 11(2), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2019.90277
-
Lim, S., Han, K., Cho, H., and Baek, H. (2019). Shift‐work nurses’ work environments and health‐promoting behaviours in relation to sleep disturbance: A cross‐sectional secondary data analysis. Journal of clinical nursing, 28(9-10), 1538-1545. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14769
-
Lin, S. H., Liao, W. C., Chen, M. Y., and Fan, J. Y. (2014). The impact of shift work on nurses' job stress, sleep quality and self‐perceived health status. Journal of nursing management, 22(5), 604-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12020
-
Maslach, C., and Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
-
Molu, B., Tuna, P. T., Keskin, A. Y., ve Tuna, H. İ. (2023). Vardiyalı çalışan hemşirelerde kronotip, yaşam kalitesi, uyku kalitesi ve sosyal jetlag'ın belirlenmesi. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 10, 48-53. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2022.29484
-
Nakata, A., Haratani, T., Takahashi, M., Kawakami, N., Arito, H., and Kobayashi, F. (2004). Job stress, social support, and prevalence of insomnia in a population of Japanese daytime workers. Social Science & Medicine, 71(5), 892-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.02.002
-
Roenneberg, T., Allebrandt, K. V., Merrow, M., and Vetter, C. (2012). Social jetlag and obesity. Current biology : CB, 22(10), 939–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.038
-
Ruiz-Fernández, M. D., Pérez-García, E., and Ortega-Galán, Á. M. (2020). Quality of life in nursing professionals: Burnout, fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041253
-
Sidhu, R., Su, B., Shapiro, K. R., and Stoll, K. (2020). Prevalence of and factors associated with burnout in midwifery: a scoping review. European Journal of Midwifery, 4, 4. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/115983
-
Stoll, K., and Gallagher, J. (2019). A survey of burnout and intentions to leave the profession among Western Canadian midwives. Women and Birth, 32(4), e441-e449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.10.002
-
World Health Organization. (2024). Nursing and midwifery. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/nursing-and-midwifery
-
Yen, P. Y., Kellye, M., Lopetegui, M., Saha, A., Loversidge, J., Chipps, E. M., Gallagher-Ford, L., and Buck, J. (2018). Nurses' Time Allocation and Multitasking of Nursing Activities: A Time Motion Study. AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium, 2018, 1137–1146.
-
Yetim, Ü. (1993). Life satisfaction: A study based on the organization of personal projects. Social Indicators Research, 29, 277-289
-
Yu, H., Jiang, A., and Shen, J. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International journal of nursing studies, 57, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.012
-
Zborowska, A., Gurowiec, P. J., Młynarska, A., and Uchmanowicz, I. (2021). Factors affecting occupational Burnout Among nurses including job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and life orientation: a cross-sectional study. Psychology research and behavior management, 1761-1777. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s325325
Investigation of the Relationship Between Social Jetlag and Burnout Level and Life Satisfaction in Midwives
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 12, 9 - 15, 07.08.2025
Yasemin Aydın Kartal
,
Sema Aker
,
Aleyna Bulut
,
Beyzanur Kızıltaş
Öz
Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the social jetlag experienced by midwives and to evaluate the relationship between this situation and life satisfaction and burnout levels.
Methods: The sample of the study, which was conducted with a descriptive and correlational design, consisted of 213 midwives actively working in city hospitals in Istanbul. Data were collected with the “Introductory Information Form”, “Life Satisfaction Scale”, “Maslach Burnout Scale” and “Social Jetlag Form”. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis Test were used in the evaluation of the data.
Results: The average age of the midwives participating in the study was determined as 31.59+7.71. It was determined that 54% of the midwives defined their sleep patterns as moderate, 63.8% of them defined their nutrition patterns as moderate and 60.1% of them defined their social life as moderate. It was determined that the variables of marital status, having children and smoking status did not significantly affect the social jetlag levels of the midwives. It was determined that the variables of income status, having children, the clinic they worked at, the type of work, sleep patterns, nutrition patterns and social life patterns significantly affected the Maslach Burnout Inventory total and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization sub-dimensions. No significant relationship was found in the correlation analysis between the midwives' total mean scores of burnout, life satisfaction and social jetlag.
Conclusion: According to the study findings, it was determined that the burnout levels of the midwives were moderate and their life satisfaction levels were above moderate. Although no significant relationship was found between social jetlag, burnout and life satisfaction in midwives, it is recommended that shift patterns be planned in accordance with biological rhythms and more comprehensive studies be conducted on this subject.
Etik Beyan
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Hamidiye Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences (No: 24165, Date: 29.12.2023). The principle of confidentiality was adhered to throughout all stages of the study, which was conducted in accordance with the rules set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. After being informed about the study, participants provided their informed consent in person.
It is declared that scientific and ethical principles were complied with during the preparation of this study and all the studies used in this study were cited in the bibliography.
No artificial intelligence-based tools or applications were utilized in the preparation of this manuscript. All content was generated solely by the author(s) in adherence to scientific research methodologies and academic ethical standards.
Destekleyen Kurum
This research has received financial support from TUBITAK 2209-A Research Projects Support Programme for University Students.
Teşekkür
We thank TUBITAK for their contributions. We also extend our sincere gratitude to the midwives who volunteered to participate in our study.
Kaynakça
-
Alves, M. S., Andrade, R. Z., Silva, G. C., Mota, M. C., Resende, S. G., Teixeira, K. R., ... and Crispim, C. A. (2016). Social jetlag among night workers is negatively associated with the frequency of moderate or vigorous physical activity and with energy expenditure related to physical activity. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 32(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730416682110
-
Başkaya, Y. (2018). Türkiye'deki ebelerin mesleki aidiyeti ve tükenmişlik düzeyleriyle ilişkisi. Doktora Tezi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
-
Bukowska-Damska, A., Reszka, E., Kaluzny, P., Wieczorek, E., Przybek, M., Zienolddiny, S., and Peplonska, B. (2018). Sleep quality and methylation status of selected tumor suppressor genes among nurses and midwives. Chronobiology International, 35(1), 122-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1376219
-
Chang, Y. S., Chen, H. L., Wu, Y. H., Hsu, C. Y., Liu, C. K., and Hsu, C. (2014). Rotating night shifts too quickly may cause anxiety and decreased attentional performance, and impact prolactin levels during the subsequent day: a case control study. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 218. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0218-7
-
Chien, P. L., Su, H. F., Hsieh, P. C., Siao, R. Y., Ling, P. Y., and Jou, H. J. (2013). Sleep Quality among Female Hospital Staff Nurses. Sleep disorders, 2013, 283490. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/283490
-
Devore, E. E., Grodstein, F., and Schernhammer, E. S. (2013). Shift work and cognition in the Nurses' Health Study. American journal of epidemiology, 178(8), 1296–1300. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt214
-
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. and Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49 (1), 71-75
-
Dyrbye, L. N., West, C. P., Halasy, M., O'Laughlin, D. J., Satele, D., and Shanafelt, T. (2020). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration among PAs relative to other workers. JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 33(5), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000660156.17502.e6
-
Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin uyarlanması, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
-
Ertuğrul, E. (2010). Üniversite uygulama ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan hemşire, ebe, sağlık memuru ve acil tıp teknisyenlerinin tükenmişlik ve depresyon düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zonguldak.
-
Ganesan, S., Magee, M., Stone, J. E., Mulhall, M. D., Collins, A., Howard, M. E., Lockley, S. W., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., and Sletten, T. L. (2019). The Impact of Shift Work on Sleep, Alertness and Performance in Healthcare Workers. Scientific reports, 9(1), 4635. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40914-x
-
Gu, F., Xu, S., Devesa, S. S., Zhang, F., Klerman, E. B., Graubard, B. I., and Caporaso, N. E. (2017). Longitude position in a time zone and cancer risk in the United States. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 26(8), 1306-1311. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1029
-
Hansson, M., Dencker, A., Lundgren, I., Carlsson, I. M., Eriksson, M., and Hensing, G. (2022). Job satisfaction in midwives and its association with organisational and psychosocial factors at work: a nation-wide, cross-sectional study. BMC health services research, 22(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07852-3
-
Hildingsson, I., Fahlbeck, H., Larsson, B., and Johansson, M. (2024). Increasing levels of burnout in Swedish midwives–A ten-year comparative study. Women and Birth, 37(2), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2023.10.010
-
Hsieh, M. L., Li, Y. M., Chang, E. T., Lai, H. L., Wang, W. H., and Wang, S. C. (2011). Sleep disorder in Taiwanese nurses: a random sample survey. Nursing & health sciences, 13(4), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00641.x
-
İnce, B., ve Yılmaz, S. (2024). Ebelerin aidiyet, merhamet ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 5(2), 199-217.
-
Kalmbach, D. A., Arnedt, J. T., Song, P. X., Guille, C., and Sen, S. (2017). Sleep disturbance and short sleep as risk factors for depression and perceived medical errors in first-year residents. Sleep, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw073
-
Karahan, A., Abbasoğlu, A., Uğurlu, Z., Işık, S. A., Kılıç, G., ve Elbaş, N. Ö. (2020). Hemşirelerin çalıştıkları şiftlere ve kronotip özelliklerine göre uyku kalitesi, yorgunluk ve dikkat durumlarının belirlenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 11(2), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2019.90277
-
Lim, S., Han, K., Cho, H., and Baek, H. (2019). Shift‐work nurses’ work environments and health‐promoting behaviours in relation to sleep disturbance: A cross‐sectional secondary data analysis. Journal of clinical nursing, 28(9-10), 1538-1545. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14769
-
Lin, S. H., Liao, W. C., Chen, M. Y., and Fan, J. Y. (2014). The impact of shift work on nurses' job stress, sleep quality and self‐perceived health status. Journal of nursing management, 22(5), 604-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12020
-
Maslach, C., and Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
-
Molu, B., Tuna, P. T., Keskin, A. Y., ve Tuna, H. İ. (2023). Vardiyalı çalışan hemşirelerde kronotip, yaşam kalitesi, uyku kalitesi ve sosyal jetlag'ın belirlenmesi. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 10, 48-53. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2022.29484
-
Nakata, A., Haratani, T., Takahashi, M., Kawakami, N., Arito, H., and Kobayashi, F. (2004). Job stress, social support, and prevalence of insomnia in a population of Japanese daytime workers. Social Science & Medicine, 71(5), 892-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.02.002
-
Roenneberg, T., Allebrandt, K. V., Merrow, M., and Vetter, C. (2012). Social jetlag and obesity. Current biology : CB, 22(10), 939–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.038
-
Ruiz-Fernández, M. D., Pérez-García, E., and Ortega-Galán, Á. M. (2020). Quality of life in nursing professionals: Burnout, fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041253
-
Sidhu, R., Su, B., Shapiro, K. R., and Stoll, K. (2020). Prevalence of and factors associated with burnout in midwifery: a scoping review. European Journal of Midwifery, 4, 4. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/115983
-
Stoll, K., and Gallagher, J. (2019). A survey of burnout and intentions to leave the profession among Western Canadian midwives. Women and Birth, 32(4), e441-e449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.10.002
-
World Health Organization. (2024). Nursing and midwifery. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/nursing-and-midwifery
-
Yen, P. Y., Kellye, M., Lopetegui, M., Saha, A., Loversidge, J., Chipps, E. M., Gallagher-Ford, L., and Buck, J. (2018). Nurses' Time Allocation and Multitasking of Nursing Activities: A Time Motion Study. AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium, 2018, 1137–1146.
-
Yetim, Ü. (1993). Life satisfaction: A study based on the organization of personal projects. Social Indicators Research, 29, 277-289
-
Yu, H., Jiang, A., and Shen, J. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International journal of nursing studies, 57, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.012
-
Zborowska, A., Gurowiec, P. J., Młynarska, A., and Uchmanowicz, I. (2021). Factors affecting occupational Burnout Among nurses including job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and life orientation: a cross-sectional study. Psychology research and behavior management, 1761-1777. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s325325