The Effect of Prescribed Burning on Soil Properties in Regeneration Stands of Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra)

Öz

The ecological impacts of forest fires are related to understanding changes in forest ecosystems, which are crucial for the sustainability and protection of our forest resources. It is noted that forest fires will significantly affect forest ecosystems and fire regimes in the 21st century. This study investigated the effects of prescribed burning on soil properties in a young Anatolian black pine regeneration stand. Soil was classified as low, medium, and severe based on the color and amount of ash present after prescribed burning. A total of nine replicate trial areas were established from these three areas, along with three additional control areas. Soil analyses were performed on samples taken at depths of 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm. It was found that saturation values decreased in the prescribed burning areas, heavy soils transitioned to light soils, pH and EC values increased, organic matter and N amounts decreased, the C/N ratio increased depending on organic carbon, and P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, and lime values increased in at least one of all areas. The negative impact of severe and large forest fires on soil properties was not observed in the areas where we applied prescribed burning. On the contrary, factors such as low fire intensity and low consumption of combustible material positively affected the physical and chemical properties of the soil. It is understood that prescribed burning, especially when applied to nutrient-sufficient soils in pine forests where decomposition is slow, aims to reduce litter accumulation, bring seeds into contact with the soil, and prevent the damage caused by severe forest fires.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prescribed burning
• Black pine
• Soil properties

Proje Numarası

122O425

Anadolu Karaçamı (Pinus nigra) Gençleştirme Meşceresinde Kontrollü Yakmanın Toprak Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Orman yangınlarının ekolojik etkileri, orman varlığımızın sürdürülebilirliği ve korunması orman ekosistemindeki değişimlerin bilinmesi ile ilişkilidir. 21. yüzyılda orman yangınlarının önemli derecede orman ekosistemini ve yangın rejimini etkileyeceği belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Anadolu karaçamı gençleştirme meşceresinde kontrolü yakmanın toprak özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kontrollü yakma sonrası üzerindeki kül rengi ve miktarına göre toprak az, orta ve şiddetli olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu üç alandan üç tekerrürlü toplam dokuz deneme alanı ve ek olarak üç kontrol alanı oluşturulmuş, 0-5cm ve 5-15cm derinlik kademelerine göre alınan örneklerde bazı toprak analizleri yapılmıştır. Kontrollü yakma alanlarında saturasyon değerinin azaldığı, ağır bünyeli topraklardan hafif bünyeli topraklara geçildiği, pH ve EC değerlerinin arttığı, organik madde ve N miktarının azaldığı, C/N oranının organik karbona bağlı olarak arttığı ayrıca P, Ca, Mg, K, Na ve kireç değerlerinin de tüm alanların en az birinde arttığı bulunmuştur. Şiddetli ve büyük orman yangınlarının toprak özellikleri üzerine olan olumsuz etkisi kontrollü yakma uygulaması yaptığımız alanlarda görülmemiştir. Aksine yangın şiddetinin düşük olması, yanıcı madde tüketiminin az olması gibi faktörler toprağın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini olumlu etkilenmiştir. Özellikle besin maddesince yeterli olan topraklarda uygulanması ayrışmanın yavaş olduğu çam meşcerelerinde ölü örtü birikimini azaltmaya, tohumu toprakla buluşturmaya ve şiddetli orman yangınlarının zararını önlemeye yönelik olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kontrollü yakma
• Karaçam
• Toprak özellikleri

Proje Numarası

122O425

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, sorumlu yazarın Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı'nda hazırlamış olduğu doktora tezinin bir bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 1001-Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Projelerini Destekleme Programı kapsamında 122O425 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

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