Classification, Formulations, Toxicology and Mechanisms of Action of Pesticides

Bu makalenin ilk hali 20 Haziran 2026 tarihinde yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/artvinofd/article/1738273

Düzeltme Notu

Some bibliographic errors were identified in the reference list of the published article. The corrected references are provided below. These corrections do not affect the scientific content or the conclusions of the article.

Öz

In plant production, significant quality and yield losses occur due to abiotic factors (meteorological factors, soil factors, toxic gases, and improper agricultural practices) and biotic factors (disease agents, pests, and weeds). To increase yield per unit area and/or partially prevent quality losses in plant production, there is intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Pesticides are chemical compounds used to prevent or control damage caused by insects, mites, nematodes, rodents, fungi, weeds, and other unwanted organisms. In their chemical compositions, many substances are used in agriculture in various formulations, either alone or in mixtures with fillers. In particular, the negative effects of pesticides on beneficial species in nature have led to the disruption of the natural balance, the extinction of beneficial species, the development of resistance to diseases and pests over time, and the risk of residues in food, which have now reached intolerable levels. Although the diversity and intensity of disease, pest, and weed populations in intensively farmed areas necessitate the use of pesticides, it is imperative that our producers be properly informed about pesticides in order to minimize the aforementioned negative effects. The implementation of regulations, along with appropriate education and training, will help reduce the negative effects of pesticide use and promote safer and more sustainable agricultural practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environment
• Food Safety
• Pesticides
• Human health
• Toxicology
• Diseases

Pestisitlerin Sınıflandırılması, Formülasyonları, Toksikolojisi ve Etki Mekanizmaları

Bu makalenin ilk hali 20 Haziran 2026 tarihinde yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/artvinofd/article/1738273

Düzeltme Notu

Bu makalede aşağıdaki düzeltmeler yapılmıştır. Yayımlanan makalede kaynak olarak kullanılan Ahmad et al. (2024) künyeli çalışma, makalenin yayımlanma süreci aşamasında Heliyon dergisi tarafından geri çekilmiştir (retracted). Bu nedenle, bilimsel yayın etiği ilkeleri doğrultusunda söz konusu kaynak metin içi atıflardan ve kaynakça listesinden çıkarılmış; buna bağlı olarak gerekli bibliyografik düzenlemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan bu düzeltmeler, makalenin bilimsel içeriğini, yöntemini, bulgularını, tartışmasını veya ulaşılan sonuçlarını etkilememektedir. İlgili durumun yayım sürecinde tespit edilememiş olmasından dolayı okurlarımızdan özür dileriz.

Öz

Bitkisel üretimde; cansız faktörler (meteorolojik faktörler, toprak faktörleri, zehirli gazlar ve hatalı tarımsal işlemler) ve canlı faktörlerin (hastalık etmenleri, zararlılar ve yabancı otlar) neden olduğu önemli kalite ve verim kayıpları olmaktadır. Bitkisel üretimde birim alandan elde edilen verimin artırılabilmesi ve/veya kalite kayıplarının kısmen de olsa önüne geçilebilmesi için yoğun bir kimyasal gübre ve pestisit kullanımı söz konusudur. Pestisitler; böcekler, akarlar, nematotlar, kemirgenler, funguslar, yabancı otlar ve diğer birçok istenmeyen organizmaların zararlarını önlemek veya kontrol etmek için kullanılan kimyasal bileşenlerdir. Kimyasal bileşimlerinde pek çok madde tek ve karışım halinde dolgu maddeleriyle birlikte farklı formülasyonlarda tarımda kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle pestisitlerin tabiattaki yararlı canlı türleri üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri neticesinde doğal dengenin bozulması, faydalı canlı türlerinin yok olmakla karşı karşıya kalması, hastalık ve zararlı etmenlerde zamanla gelişen dayanıklılık sorunları ve gıdalardaki kalıntı riskleri açısından oluşturduğu zararlar günümüzde artık tolere edilemeyecek boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Özellikle yoğun tarım yapılan alanlarda hastalık, zararlı ve yabancı ot popülasyonlarındaki çeşitlilik ve yoğunluk pestisit kullanımını zorunlu kılsa da yukarıda bahsedilen olumsuz etkilerin minimize edilebilmesi için üreticilerimizin pestisitler hakkında doğru bilgilendirilmesi bir zorunluluktur. Yönetmeliklerin uygulanması, uygun eğitim ve öğretim, pestisit kullanımının olumsuz etkilerini azaltmaya ve daha güvenli ve daha sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarını teşvik etmeye yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevre
• Gıda Güvenliği
• Pestisitler
• Hastalıklar
• İnsan sağlığı
• Toksikoloji

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