Determining surface water and bed sediment quality of Lake Kopa

Öz

In this research, the results of a hydro-chemical study of Lake Kopa in Kazakhstan are described, in the context of the regional geography and aggravating ecological problems of the lake. Besides analyzing the concentrations of all major ions, heavy-metal ions and other pollutants, their vertical and horizontal distribution were also assessed. Moreover, water pollution indices (WPI) were calculated for individual ions, classes of pollutants, and total pollution, revealing serious overload of human- induced pollution within the lake’s ecosystem. Concentrations of major ions and WPI were monitored over 2009-2013 period, revealing a distinct seasonal pattern and a multi-year periodicity in respect to the measured parameters. In addition, studying ion exchange between lake water and bottom sediment showed complex non-equilibrium processes besides leaching out Ca2+ and its exchange for Na+. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bottom sediment,major ions,pollution,water pollution index,water quality

Kopa Gölü'nün yüzey suyu ve yatak sediment kalitesinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmada, Kazakistan'ın Kopa Gölü'nde yapılan hidro-kimyasal çalışmanın sonuçları gölün bölgesel coğrafyası ve ciddileşen ekolojik sorunları bağlamında anlatılmıştır. Tüm majör iyonların, ağır- metal iyonlarının ve diğer kirleticilerin yoğunluklarının analiz edilmesi yanında, bunların dikey ve düşey dağılımları da irdelenmiştir. Bununla beraber, su kalitesi indisleri (water quality indices-WPI) kullanılarak her bir iyon, kirlilik sınıfları ve toplam kirlilik üzerinde yapılan hesaplamalar, göl ekosisteminde insan-kaynaklı ciddi bir fazla yük kirliliği olduğu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Majör iyonların konsantrasyonları ve su kalitesi indisleri (WPI) 2009-2013 periyotu boyunca izlenmiş ve ölçülen parametreler için belirgin bir mevsimsel desen ile çok yıllık periyodiklik olduğu açığa çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, göl suyu ve yatak sedimenti arasındaki iyon alış-verişinin araştırılması, Ca+2'un yıkanması ve Na+ ile değişimi yanında karmaşık dengesizlik süreçleri de göstermiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bottom sediment,major ions,pollution,water pollution index

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