Uluslararası ticaret ve turizm ilişkisine yönelik araştırmaların bibliyometrik analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, turizm ve uluslararası ticaret ilişkisine yönelik akademik literatürü bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Web of Science veri tabanından elde edilen 903 makale VOSviewer programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, literatürün zaman içerisinde artış eğilimi gösterdiğini, akademik üretimin belirli ülke ve kurumlar etrafında yoğunlaştığını ve işbirliği ağlarının sınırlı bir yapı sergilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Eş-atıf analizi, literatürün üç temel eksen etrafında şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Bunlar turizm-talep ve ticaret ilişkisi, sürdürülebilirlik ve çevresel etkiler ile ekonometrik yöntemler olarak bulunmuştur. Anahtar kelime analizi de benzer biçimde literatürün ekonomik büyüme, sürdürülebilirlik ve metodolojik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde geliştiğini desteklemiştir. Yapılan çalışma, alanın çok boyutlu yapısını ortaya koyarak gelecekteki araştırmalar için yol gösterici bir temel sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası Ticaret
• Turizm
• Bibliyometrik Analiz
• Sürdürülebilirlik

A bibliometric analysis of research on the relationship between international trade and tourism

Öz

This study aims to examine the academic literature on the relationship between tourism and international trade through a bibliometric analysis. A total of 903 articles retrieved from the Web of Science database were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The findings indicate that the literature has shown a growing trend over time, academic production is concentrated in certain countries and institutions, and collaboration networks remain relatively fragmented. Co-citation analysis reveals that the literature is structured around three main pillars. These are listed as tourism demand and trade relations, sustainability and environmental impacts, and econometric methods. Keyword analysis further supports that the literature has evolved around economic growth, sustainability, and methodological approaches. By revealing the multidimensional structure of the field, this study provides a guiding framework for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• International Trade
• Tourism
• Bibliometric Analysis
• Sustainability

Kaynakça

1. Alsabhan, T. H., Tahir, M., Burki, U., Abuhulaibah, T. F., Alnahedh, Z. K., & Jaboob, M. (2025). International tourism and economic growth: Exploring the unexplored for the ASEAN region. Economies, 13(10), 291.
2. Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975.
3. Arslantürk, Y., & Atan, S. (2012). Dynamic relation between economic growth, foreign exchange and tourism incomes: An econometric perspective on Turkey. Journal of Business Economics and Finance, 1(1), 30-37.
4. Azmi, S. N., Khan, T., Azmi, W., & Azhar, N. (2023). A panel cointegration analysis of linkages between international trade and tourism: case of India and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. Quality & Quantity, 57(6), 5157-5176.
5. Bahar, O., & Baldemir, E. (2008). Uluslararası ticaret ile uluslararası turizm arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(4), 97-111.
6. Bjelić, P., Jaćimović, D., Kastratović, R., & Baćović, M. (2025). Export of travel services in Western Balkans: A gravity model approach. Eastern European Economics, 63(3), 512-536.
7. Brida, J. G., Gómez, D. M., & Segarra, V. (2020). On the empirical relationship between tourism and economic growth. Tourism Management, 81, 104131.
8. Chung, M.G., Herzberger, A., Frank, K.A., & Liu, J. (2020). International tourism dynamics in a globalized world: A social network analysis approach. Journal of Travel Research, 59(3), 387-403.

9. Çeken, H., Dalgın, T., & Karadağ, L. (2009). Küreselleşme ve uluslararası turizm arasındaki ilişki. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (22), 21-36.
10. Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296.
11. Garidzirai, R. (2022). The role of international tourism on foreign trade in the BRICS nations. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2076792.
12. Gössling, S., & Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900-2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639-659.
13. Hamza, S.H., Li, Q., & Khezri, M. (2025). Economic freedom index effects on inbound tourism in European countries: A spatial analysis. PloS One, 20(4), e0316133.
14. Kayakuş, M., Erdoğan, D., & Terzioğlu, M. (2023). Predicting the share of tourism revenues in total exports. Alphanumeric Journal, 11(1), 17-30.
15. Keum, K. (2011). International tourism and trade flows: A causality analysis using panel data. Tourism Economics, 17(5), 949-962.
16. Kurnaz, E., & Seyfettinoğlu, Ü.K. (2025). Exports and tourism demand: Evidence of a strong link disrupted by pandemic restrictions. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 655-676.
17. Kurtuluş, H.U. (2023). Türkiye’de turizm ve ihracat ilişkisi (2002-2021) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
18. Lévy, B. (2007). The interface between globalization, trade and development: Theoretical issues for international business studies. International Business Review, 16(5), 594-612.
19. Marrocu, E., & Paci, R. (2011). They arrive with new information. Tourism flows and production efficiency in the European regions. Tourism Management, 32(4), 750-758.
20. Ölmez, F., & Durusu-Ciftci, D. (2024). Asymmetric effects of exchange rate on bilateral tourism trade balance: evidence from Turkey. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 33(3), 439-461.
21. Ölmez, F., & Tarakçı, D. (2024). Does trade pattern matter for tourism activities? Evidence from the twenty most visited countries. European Journal of Tourism Research, 37, 3706.
22. Özcan, C., & Yorgancılar, F.N. (2016). Uluslararası ticaret ve turizm arasında bir ilişki var mı?. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 37-48.
23. Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric analysis: the main steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2), 1014-1025.
24. Peeters, P., Gössling, S., & Becken, S. (2006). Innovation towards tourism sustainability: climate change and aviation. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 1(3), 184-200.
25. Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
26. Pesaran, M.H. (2021). General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels. Empirical Economics, 60(1), 13-50.
27. Ruiz-Estrada, M.A., Park, D., & Lee, M. (2023). How COVID-19 affected the tourism, international trade, air transportation, and electricity consumption between 2019 and 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374170086_How_COVID-19_Affected_the_Tourism_International_Trade_Air_Transportation_and_Electricity_Consumption_in_China_Between_2019_and_2021
28. Santana-Gallego, M., Ledesma-Rodríguez, F.J., & Pérez-Rodríguez, J.V. (2016). International trade and tourism flows: An extension of the gravity model. Economic Modelling, 52, 1026-1033.
29. Song, H., Li, G., & Cao, Z. (2018). Tourism and economic Globalization: An emerging research agenda. Journal of Travel Research, 57(8), 999-1011.
30. Suresh, K. G., & Tiwari, A. K. (2018). Does international tourism affect international trade and economic growth? The Indian experience. Empirical Economics, 54(3), 945-957.
31. Şahin, S. (2021). Uluslararası ticaret ve uluslararası turizm arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği (1970-2019). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 9(3), 1060-1075.
32. Şeker, A. (2022). The nexus between tourism and international service trade in the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 7(1), 55-65.
33. Tuyen-Nguyen, T.T., & Choi, C.H. (2026). Tourism as a trade facilitator: Gravity-based evidence from Vietnamʼs bilateral trade flows. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 13(1), e70073.
34. Van Eck, N., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538.
35. Walton, J. (2018). Tourism and economic development in ASEAN. In M. Hitchcock, V. T. King, & M. J. G. Parnwell (Eds.), Tourism in South-East Asia (pp. 214-233). Routledge.