Demokratikleşme Literatürü Çerçevesinde Rawls’un Anayasal Uzlaşma ve Örtüşen Görüş Birliği Kavramları

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 27 - 47, 15.04.2016

Necip Yıldız

Öz

Bu makalede Rawls’un anayasal uzlaşma ve örtüşen görüş birliği kavramları, demokratikleşme literatürü çerçevesinde analiz edilip değerlendirilmiştir. Rawls bir siyaset düşünürü olarak yazmasına ve demokratikleşme literatürüne açık göndermelerde bulunmamasına ragmen, demokratikleşme literatürü ile Rawls’un örtüşen görüş birliğine ulaşmak için gerektiğini belirttiği aşamalar arasında bir paralellik gözlemlenmektedir. Makalede, demokratikleşme literatürüile Rawls’un anayasal uzlaşma ve örtüşen görüş birliği kavramları arasındaki bağlantılarla ilgili olarak üç temel tespit yapılmıştır. İlk olarak, Rawls’un bahsettiği, demokratik prosedürler üzerinde bir ‘anayasal uzlaşma’nın ilk aşamasının, ki bu yalnızca bir modus vivendi’dir, literatürdeki ‘demokrasiye geçiş’ kavramına karşılık geldiği tespit edilmiştir. İkinci olarak, anayasal uzlaşmanın nihai ve sonlandırılmış halinin ‘minimalist’ ve ‘negatif’ demokratik pekişmeye denk düştüğü; üçüncü olarak ise, ‘örtüşen görüş birliği’ kavramının ‘maksimalist’ ve ‘pozitif’ demokratik pekişmeye karşılık geldiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

John Rawls, anayasal uzlaşma, örtüşen görüş birliği, demokratikleşme,, negatif ve pozitif demokratik pekişme, minimalist ve maksimalist demokratik pekişme.

Rawls’ Conceptions of Constitutional Consensus and Overlapping Consensus in View of the Democratization Literature

Öz

In this article, Rawls’ conceptions of constitutional consensus and overlapping consensus are analyzed and evaluatedin relation to the democratization literature. Although Rawls wrote as a political thinker and didnot make explicit references to the democratization literature in his writings, one can discern a parallel between the democratization literature and Rawls’ depiction of the stages for reaching an overlapping consensus. Regarding the connections between democratization literature and Rawls’ conceptions of constitutional consensus and overlapping consensus, three conclusions are put forth in the article. The first is that Rawls’ conception of the initial stage of constitutional consensus, which is practically a modus vivendi, corresponds to ‘democratic transition.’ The second argument is that Rawls’ conception of (finalized) constitutional consensus corresponds to ‘minimalist’ and ‘negative’ democratic consolidation. And the third argument is that Rawls’ conception of overlapping consensus corresponds to ‘maximalist’ and ‘positive’ democratic consolidation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

John Rawls, constitutional consensus, overlapping consensus, democratization,, negative and positive democratic consolidation, minimalist and maximalist democratic consolidation.

Kaynakça

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