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APEC Ülkelerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Hava Kirliliğinin Refah Maliyetlerini AzaltıcI Rolü

Yıl 2022, , 277 - 292, 31.03.2022

Mümin Atalay Çetin , İbrahim Bakırtaş

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1025078
Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmanın ana amacı 1990-2016 yılları süresince Asya-Pasifik Ekonomik İşbirliği (APEC) ülkelerinde yenilenebilir enerji arzının hava kirliliği kaynaklı erken ölümlerin refah maliyetleri üzerindeki uzun dönemli etkilerini dinamik panel veri teknikleri kullanarak incelemektir. Uzun dönem esneklik sonuçları yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları arzındaki artışların hava kirliliğinin refah maliyetlerini azalttığını ortaya koymuştur. Uygulama sonuçları, yenilenebilir enerjinin sadece sürdürülebilir bir enerji kaynağı olarak görülmemesi, aynı zamanda kirliliğin muhtemel dışsallıkları ile baş etmenin etkin bir yolu olarak da değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hava Kirliliği APEC Ülkeleri Dinamik Panel Veri Yenilenebilir Enerji Refah Maliyeti

Kaynakça

  • Aloi, M. & Tournemaine, F. (2011). Growth Effects of Environmental Policy when Pollution Affects Health. Economic Modelling, 28, p. 1683-1695.
  • Apergis, N. & Jebli, M.B. & Youssef, S.B. (2018). Does Renewable Energy Consumption and Health Expenditures Decrease Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries. Renewable Energy, 127, p. 1011-1016.
  • Apergis, N. & Bhattacharya, M. & Hadhri., W. (2020). Health Care Expenditure and Environmental Pollution: A Cross-Country Comparison Across Different Income Groups. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, p. 8142–8156.
  • Badamassi, A., Xu, D. & Leyla, B.D. (2017). The Impact of Residential Combustion Emissions on Health Expenditures: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Atmosphere, 8(9), p. 157.
  • Badulescu, D., Simut, R., Badulescu, A. & Badulescu, A-V (2019). The Relative Effects of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution and Non-Communicable Diseases on Health Expenditures in European Union Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, p. 5115.
  • Baek, J., Cho, Y. & Koo, W.W. (2009). The Environmental Consequences of Globalization: A Country-Specific Time-Series Analysis. Ecological Economics, 68, p. 2255-2264.
  • Baltagi, B.H., Pesaran, H.M. (2007). Heterogeneity and Cross Section Dependence in Panel Data Models: Theory and Applications. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, p. 229-232.
  • Berdsvendsen, T. & Ditzen, J. (2020). xthst: Testing for Slope Homogeneity in Stata, Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy Working Paper, Working Paper No 11.
  • Cansino, J.M., P. Pablo-Romero, M.del., Roman, R. & Yniquez, R. (2010). Tax Incentives to Promote Green Electricity: An Overview of EU-27 Countries. Energy Policy, 38, p. 6000-6008.
  • Cetin, M.A. & Bakirtas, I. (2020). The Long-Run Environmental Impacts of Economic Growth, Financial Development, and Energy Consumption: Evidence from Emerging Markets. Energy and Environment, 31(4), p. 634-655.
  • Chaabouni, S., Zghid, N. & Mbarek, M.B. (2016). On the Causal Dynamics between CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth. Sustainable Cities and Society, 22, p. 184-191.
  • Chen, S.M. & He, L.Y. (2014). Welfare Loss of China's Air Pollution: How to Make Personal Vehicle Transportation Policy. China Economic Review, 31, p. 106-118.
  • Ciarreta, A., Gutierrez-Hita, C. & Nasirov, S. (2011). Renewable Energy Sources in the Spanish Electricity Market: Instruments and Effects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, p. 2510-2519.
  • Clarke, M. & Islam, S.M.N. (2005). Diminishing and Negative Welfare Returns of Economic Growth: An Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) for Thailand. Ecological Economics, 54, p. 81-93.
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  • Copeland, B.R. & Taylor, M.S. (2004). Trade, Growth, and the Environment. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(1), p. 7-71.
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  • Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development: A Crucial Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, p. 157-175.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey. Ecological Economics, 49, p. 431-455. Gangandharan, L. & Valenzuela, Ma.R. (2001). Interrelationships between Income, Health and the Environment: Extending the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Ecological Economics, 36, p. 513–531.
  • Goodland, R. & Ledec, G. (1987). Neoclassical Economics and Principles of Sustainable Development. Ecological Modelling, 38, p. 19-46.
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  • Hao, Y., Liu, S., Lu, Z.N., Huang, J. & Zhao, M. (2018). The Impact of Environmental Pollution on Public Health Expenditure: Dynamic Panel Analysis based on Chinese Provincial Data. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, p. 18853–18865.
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), p. 281-312.
  • Kao, C. & Chiang, M.H. (1999). On the Estimation and Inference of a Cointegrated Regression in Panel Data. Center for Policy Research Working Paper, Working Paper 2.
  • Kaygusuz, K. (2002). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Use in Turkey: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 6, p. 339-366.
  • Khan, A., Hussain, J., Bano, S. & Chenggang, Y. (2019). The Repercussions of Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy and Health Expenditure on Environmental Decay? An Econometric Analysis of B&RI Countries. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 63(11), p. 1965-1986.
  • Lewandowski, P. (2006). PESCADF: Stata Module to Perform Pesaran's CADF Panel Unit Root Test in Presence of Cross Section Dependence. Boston College Department of Economics Statistical Software Components S456732, Boston, Massachusetts.
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  • Matus, K., Nam, K.M., Selin, N.E., Lamsal, L.N., Reilly, J.M. & Paltsev, S. (2012). Health Damages from Air Pollution in China. Global Environmental Change, 22, p. 55-66.
  • Meneteau, P., Finon, D. & Lamy, M.L. (2003). Prices Versus Quantities: Choosing Policies for Promoting the Development of Renewable Energy. Energy Policy, 31, p. 799–812.
  • Nam, K. M., Selin, N.E., Reilly, J.M. & Paltsev, S. (2010). Measuring Welfare Loss Caused by Air Pollution in Europe: A CGE Analysis. Energy Policy, 38, p. 5059-5071.
  • Narayan, P.K. & Narayan, S. (2008). Does Environmental Quality Influence Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from a Panel of Selected OECD Countries. Ecological Economics, 65, p. 367-374.
  • Nasir, M. A., Huynh, T.L.D. & Tram, H.T.X. (2019). Role of Financial Development, Economic Growth & Foreign Direct Investment in Driving Climate Change: A Case of Emerging ASEAN. Journal of Environmental Management, 242, p. 131-141.
  • Nasreen, S. (2021). Association between Health Expenditures, Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution: Long‐Run and Causality Analysis from Asian Economies. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36, p. 925-944.
  • Nath, S.K. (1973). A Perspective of Welfare Economics. London: Palgrave, The Macmillan Press LTD.
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  • Ogden, D.C. (1966). Economic Analysis of Air Pollution. Land Economics, 42(2), p. 137-147.
  • Owusu, P.A. & Sarkodie, S.A. (2020). Global Estimation of Mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years and Welfare Cost from Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 742, p. 140636.
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  • Pervin, T., Gerdtham, U.G. & Lyttkens, C.H. (2008). Societal Costs of Air Pollution-Related Health Hazards: A Review of Methods and Results. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 6(19), p. 1-22.
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  • Pesaran, H.M. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo) Working Paper, Working Paper 1229.
  • Pesaran, H.M. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, p. 265–312.
  • Pesaran, H.M. & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142, p. 50-93.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. & Hansen, B.E. (1990). Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes. The Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), p. 99-125.
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The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries

Yıl 2022, , 277 - 292, 31.03.2022

Mümin Atalay Çetin , İbrahim Bakırtaş

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1025078
Cited By: 1

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to determine the possible long run impacts of renewable energy supply on the welfare cost of premature deaths caused by air pollution in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries during 1990-2016 by using dynamic panel data techniques. The long run elasticity results showed that the increasing supply of renewable energy sources reduces the welfare cost of air pollution. Empirical findings revealed that clean energy should not just seen as a sustainable energy source but also considered as an efficient way to struggle with possible negative externalities of pollution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Air Pollution The APEC Countries Dynamic Panel Data Renewable Energy Welfare Cost

Kaynakça

  • Aloi, M. & Tournemaine, F. (2011). Growth Effects of Environmental Policy when Pollution Affects Health. Economic Modelling, 28, p. 1683-1695.
  • Apergis, N. & Jebli, M.B. & Youssef, S.B. (2018). Does Renewable Energy Consumption and Health Expenditures Decrease Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries. Renewable Energy, 127, p. 1011-1016.
  • Apergis, N. & Bhattacharya, M. & Hadhri., W. (2020). Health Care Expenditure and Environmental Pollution: A Cross-Country Comparison Across Different Income Groups. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, p. 8142–8156.
  • Badamassi, A., Xu, D. & Leyla, B.D. (2017). The Impact of Residential Combustion Emissions on Health Expenditures: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Atmosphere, 8(9), p. 157.
  • Badulescu, D., Simut, R., Badulescu, A. & Badulescu, A-V (2019). The Relative Effects of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution and Non-Communicable Diseases on Health Expenditures in European Union Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, p. 5115.
  • Baek, J., Cho, Y. & Koo, W.W. (2009). The Environmental Consequences of Globalization: A Country-Specific Time-Series Analysis. Ecological Economics, 68, p. 2255-2264.
  • Baltagi, B.H., Pesaran, H.M. (2007). Heterogeneity and Cross Section Dependence in Panel Data Models: Theory and Applications. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, p. 229-232.
  • Berdsvendsen, T. & Ditzen, J. (2020). xthst: Testing for Slope Homogeneity in Stata, Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy Working Paper, Working Paper No 11.
  • Cansino, J.M., P. Pablo-Romero, M.del., Roman, R. & Yniquez, R. (2010). Tax Incentives to Promote Green Electricity: An Overview of EU-27 Countries. Energy Policy, 38, p. 6000-6008.
  • Cetin, M.A. & Bakirtas, I. (2020). The Long-Run Environmental Impacts of Economic Growth, Financial Development, and Energy Consumption: Evidence from Emerging Markets. Energy and Environment, 31(4), p. 634-655.
  • Chaabouni, S., Zghid, N. & Mbarek, M.B. (2016). On the Causal Dynamics between CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth. Sustainable Cities and Society, 22, p. 184-191.
  • Chen, S.M. & He, L.Y. (2014). Welfare Loss of China's Air Pollution: How to Make Personal Vehicle Transportation Policy. China Economic Review, 31, p. 106-118.
  • Ciarreta, A., Gutierrez-Hita, C. & Nasirov, S. (2011). Renewable Energy Sources in the Spanish Electricity Market: Instruments and Effects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, p. 2510-2519.
  • Clarke, M. & Islam, S.M.N. (2005). Diminishing and Negative Welfare Returns of Economic Growth: An Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) for Thailand. Ecological Economics, 54, p. 81-93.
  • Coase, R. H. (1960). The Problem of Social Cost. The Journal of Law and Economics, 3, p. 1-44.
  • Copeland, B.R. & Taylor, M.S. (2004). Trade, Growth, and the Environment. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(1), p. 7-71.
  • Çetin, M. A. (2018). The Long Run Relationship between Health Expenditure and Renewable Energy Consumption in BRICS-T Countries: Panel ARDL Evidence, in Yardımcıoğlu, F. & Beşel, F. & İnal, V. (ed.), Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Political, Economic and Social Studies (ICPESS)- Volume 2 Economic Studies, Niğde, p. 359-370.
  • Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development: A Crucial Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, p. 157-175.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey. Ecological Economics, 49, p. 431-455. Gangandharan, L. & Valenzuela, Ma.R. (2001). Interrelationships between Income, Health and the Environment: Extending the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Ecological Economics, 36, p. 513–531.
  • Goodland, R. & Ledec, G. (1987). Neoclassical Economics and Principles of Sustainable Development. Ecological Modelling, 38, p. 19-46.
  • Gowdy, J. (2005). Toward a New Welfare Economics for Sustainability. Ecological Economics, 53, p. 211-222.
  • Grossman, G. M. & Krueger, A.B. (1991). Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 3914.
  • Grossman, G. M. & Krueger, A.B. (1995). Economic Growth and the Environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), p. 353-377.
  • Gruber, J. (2016). Public Finance and Public Policy. New York: Worth Publishers.
  • Hao, Y., Liu, S., Lu, Z.N., Huang, J. & Zhao, M. (2018). The Impact of Environmental Pollution on Public Health Expenditure: Dynamic Panel Analysis based on Chinese Provincial Data. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, p. 18853–18865.
  • Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence. The Stata Journal, 7(3), p. 281-312.
  • Kao, C. & Chiang, M.H. (1999). On the Estimation and Inference of a Cointegrated Regression in Panel Data. Center for Policy Research Working Paper, Working Paper 2.
  • Kaygusuz, K. (2002). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Use in Turkey: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 6, p. 339-366.
  • Khan, A., Hussain, J., Bano, S. & Chenggang, Y. (2019). The Repercussions of Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy and Health Expenditure on Environmental Decay? An Econometric Analysis of B&RI Countries. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 63(11), p. 1965-1986.
  • Lewandowski, P. (2006). PESCADF: Stata Module to Perform Pesaran's CADF Panel Unit Root Test in Presence of Cross Section Dependence. Boston College Department of Economics Statistical Software Components S456732, Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Matus, K., Yang, T., Paltsev, S., Reilly, J. & Nam, K.M. (2008). Toward Integrated Assessment of Environmental Change: Air Pollution Health Effects in the USA. Climatic Change, 88, p. 59-92.
  • Matus, K., Nam, K.M., Selin, N.E., Lamsal, L.N., Reilly, J.M. & Paltsev, S. (2012). Health Damages from Air Pollution in China. Global Environmental Change, 22, p. 55-66.
  • Meneteau, P., Finon, D. & Lamy, M.L. (2003). Prices Versus Quantities: Choosing Policies for Promoting the Development of Renewable Energy. Energy Policy, 31, p. 799–812.
  • Nam, K. M., Selin, N.E., Reilly, J.M. & Paltsev, S. (2010). Measuring Welfare Loss Caused by Air Pollution in Europe: A CGE Analysis. Energy Policy, 38, p. 5059-5071.
  • Narayan, P.K. & Narayan, S. (2008). Does Environmental Quality Influence Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from a Panel of Selected OECD Countries. Ecological Economics, 65, p. 367-374.
  • Nasir, M. A., Huynh, T.L.D. & Tram, H.T.X. (2019). Role of Financial Development, Economic Growth & Foreign Direct Investment in Driving Climate Change: A Case of Emerging ASEAN. Journal of Environmental Management, 242, p. 131-141.
  • Nasreen, S. (2021). Association between Health Expenditures, Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution: Long‐Run and Causality Analysis from Asian Economies. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36, p. 925-944.
  • Nath, S.K. (1973). A Perspective of Welfare Economics. London: Palgrave, The Macmillan Press LTD.
  • Ng, Y.K. (2004). Welfare Economics: Towards a more Complete Analysis. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ogden, D.C. (1966). Economic Analysis of Air Pollution. Land Economics, 42(2), p. 137-147.
  • Owusu, P.A. & Sarkodie, S.A. (2020). Global Estimation of Mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years and Welfare Cost from Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 742, p. 140636.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with an Application to the PPP Hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20, p. 597-625.
  • Persyn, D. & Westerlund, J. (2008). Error-Correction–Based Cointegration Tests for Panel Data. The Stata Journal, 8(2), p. 232-241.
  • Pervin, T., Gerdtham, U.G. & Lyttkens, C.H. (2008). Societal Costs of Air Pollution-Related Health Hazards: A Review of Methods and Results. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 6(19), p. 1-22.
  • Pesaran, H. M., Shin, Y. & Smith, R.P. (1997). Pooled Estimation of Long-Run Relationships in Dynamic Heterogenous Panels. University of Cambridge DAE Working Papers Amalgamated Series, 9721, Cambridge.
  • Pesaran, H.M., Shin, Y. & Smith, R.P. (1999). Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), p. 621-634.
  • Pesaran, H.M. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo) Working Paper, Working Paper 1229.
  • Pesaran, H.M. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, p. 265–312.
  • Pesaran, H.M. & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142, p. 50-93.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. & Hansen, B.E. (1990). Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes. The Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), p. 99-125.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. & Moon, H.R. (1999). Linear Regression Limit Theory for Nonstationary Panel Data. Econometrica, 67(5), p. 1057-1111.
  • Pigou, A.C. (1920). Economics of Welfare. London: Macmillan and Co.
  • Pigou, A.C. (1947). A Study in Public Finance. London: Macmillan and Co. LTD.
  • Qureshi, M. I., Khan, N.U., Rasli, A.Md. & Zaman, K. (2015). The Battle of Health with Environmental Evils of Asian Countries: Promises to Keep. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, p. 11708-11715.
  • Sasmaz, M.U., Karamıklı, A. & Akkucuk, U. (2021). The Relationship between Renewable Energy Use and Health Expenditures in EU Countries. The European Journal of Health Economics, 22, p. 1129-1139.
  • Selden, T.M. & Song, D. (1994). Environmental Quality and Development: Is there a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution Emissions?. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 27, p. 147-162.
  • Shahbaz, M. & Lean, H.H. (2012). Does Financial Development Increase Energy Consumption? The Role of Industrialization and Urbanization in Tunisia. Energy Policy, 40, p. 473-479.
  • Shahbaz, M., Nasreen, S., Ahmeda, K. & Hammoudeh, S. (2017). Trade Openness–Carbon Emissions Nexus: The Importance of Turning Points of Trade Openness for Country Panels. Energy Economics, 61, p. 221–232.
  • Shahzad, K., Jianqiu, Z., Hashim, M., Nazam, M. & Wang, L. (2020). Impact of Using Information and Communication Technology and Renewable Energy on Health Expenditure: A Case Study from Pakistan. Energy, 204, p. 117956.
  • Shi, D. & Yu, H. (2020). Reevaluating the Subjective Welfare Loss of Air Pollution. Journal of Cleaner Production, 257, p. 120445.
  • The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). (2020). About APEC. https://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC. (04.06.2021).
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  • Ullah, I., Rehman, A., Khan, F.U., Shah, M.H. & Khan, F. (2020). Nexus between Trade, CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy, and Health Expenditure in Pakistan. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 35, p. 818-831.
  • Usman, M., Ma, Z., Zafar, M.W., Haseeb, A. & Ashraf, R.U. (2019). Are Air Pollution, Economic and Non-Economic Factors associated with per capita Health Expenditures? Evidence from Emerging Economies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, p. 1967.
  • Yaduma, N., Kortelainen, M. & Wossink, A. (2013). Estimating Mortality and Economic Costs of Particulate Air Pollution in Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria. Environmental and Resource Economics, 54, p. 361-387.
  • Yahaya, A., Nor, N.M., Habibullah, M.S., Ghani, J.A. & Noor, Z.M. (2016). How Relevant is Environmental Quality to per capita Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from Panel of Developing Countries. SpringerPlus, 5(925), p. 1-14.
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Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mümin Atalay Çetin 0000-0002-0442-8720

İbrahim Bakırtaş 0000-0003-0945-2823

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetin, M. A., & Bakırtaş, İ. (2022). The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 277-292. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1025078
AMA Çetin MA, Bakırtaş İ. The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries. ASBİ. Mart 2022;22(1):277-292. doi:10.11616/asbi.1025078
Chicago Çetin, Mümin Atalay, ve İbrahim Bakırtaş. “The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, sy. 1 (Mart 2022): 277-92. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1025078.
EndNote Çetin MA, Bakırtaş İ (01 Mart 2022) The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 1 277–292.
IEEE M. A. Çetin ve İ. Bakırtaş, “The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries”, ASBİ, c. 22, sy. 1, ss. 277–292, 2022, doi: 10.11616/asbi.1025078.
ISNAD Çetin, Mümin Atalay - Bakırtaş, İbrahim. “The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22/1 (Mart 2022), 277-292. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1025078.
JAMA Çetin MA, Bakırtaş İ. The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries. ASBİ. 2022;22:277–292.
MLA Çetin, Mümin Atalay ve İbrahim Bakırtaş. “The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 277-92, doi:10.11616/asbi.1025078.
Vancouver Çetin MA, Bakırtaş İ. The Mitigating Role of Renewable Energy Sources on the Welfare Cost of Air Pollution in APEC Countries. ASBİ. 2022;22(1):277-92.

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