Yönetişim ile İnsani Gelişmişliğin Sürdürülebilirliği: Ülkelerin Nitel Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Yıl 2023, , 1585 - 1608, 30.11.2023

Volkan Aşkun , Murat Erkoyuncu

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1327959

Öz

Çalışma, karmaşık uyarlanabilir sistemler perspektifinden ülkelerin nitel karşılaştırmalı analizini kullanarak çeşitli yönetişim konfigürasyonları aracılığıyla insani gelişmişliğin sürdürülebilirliğini incelemektedir. Dünya Bankası'nın altı yönetişim boyutu kullanılmış ve farklı insani gelişmişlik seviyeleri için 11 benzersiz konfigürasyon belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, yönetişim ve insani gelişme arasındaki ilişkinin karmaşık ve bağlama özgü olduğunu, farklı yönetişim modellerinin farklı sonuçlara katkıda bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar, evrensel bir yönetişim yaklaşımının insani gelişmişliği teşvik etmede etkili olmadığını ve politika müdahalelerinin her ülkenin kendine özgü yönetişim dinamiklerine göre özelleştirilmesinin çok önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir kalkınma bağlamında yönetişimin önemine ilişkin mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunmakta ve sürdürülebilir insani gelişmeye etkili bir şekilde teşvik etmek için farklı yönetişim boyutları arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi dikkate alan özel stratejilere duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsani gelişmişlik, Yönetişim, Nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz, Dünya Bankası, Karmaşık uyarlanabilir sistem

Sustainability of Human Development Through Governance: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Countries

Öz

This study examines the sustainability of human development through various governance configurations using a qualitative comparative analysis of countries from a complex adaptive systems perspective. The World Bank's six governance dimensions are used, and 11 unique configurations are identified for different levels of human development. The research reveals that the relationship between governance and human development is complex and context-specific, with different governance models contributing to different outcomes. The results suggest that a universal governance approach is not effective in promoting human development, and it is crucial to customize policy interventions based on the specific governance dynamics of each country. This study contributes to the existing literature on the significance of governance in the context of sustainable development and highlights the need for tailored strategies that consider the intricate relationship between different governance dimensions to effectively promote sustainable human development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human development, Governance, Qualitative comparative analysis, World Bank, Complex adaptive systems

Kaynakça

• Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: An empirical investigation. American Economic Review, 91(5), p. 1369–1401.
• Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2020). Dar Koridor: Devletler, Toplumlar ve Özgürlüğün Geleceği. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
• Acemoglu, Daron, & Robinson, J. A. (2013). Ulusların Düşüşü: Güç, Zenginlik ve Yoksulluğun Kökenleri. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
• Alesina, A., Özler, S., Roubini, N., & Swagel, P. (1996). Political instability and economic growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), p. 189–211.
• Aşkun, V. (2022). Karmaşık uyarlanabilir sistem bakış açısıyla sürdürülebilir kariyere ilişkin bir model önerisi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya.
• Aşkun, V., & Çizel, R. (2020). Twenty years of research on mixed methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Studies, 1(1), p. 26-40.
• Aşkun, V., Çizel, R., & Çizel, B. (2021). Ülkelerin inovasyon düzeyinin sosyal sermaye, ekonomik değer algısı ve politik kültürle karmaşık ilişkisi: Bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 16(2), s. 317–340.
• Aytekin, M. (2022). Analysis of the relationship between countries’ governence levels and economic growths. Anadolu University Journal of Faculty of Economics, 4(1), p. 1–19.
• Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), p. 407–443.
• Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2010). State capacity, conflict, and development. Econometrica, 78(1), p. 1–34.
• Besley, Timothy, & Burgess, R. (2002). The political Economy of government responsiveness: Theory and evidence from India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4), p. 1415–1451.
• Carothers, T. (1998). The rule of law revival. Foreign Affairs, 77(2), p. 95–106.
• Charles, S. O.-, & Orji, J. O. (2023). Foreign exchange management and economic growth Nexus: The role of institutional quality in Nigeria. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies, 4(1), p. 37–50.
• Chaudhary, D. (2020). Prospect of good governance and human development in Nepal. Open Journal of Political Science, 10(2), p. 135–147.
• Chauvet, L., & Collier, P. (2008). What are the preconditions for turnarounds in failing states? Conflict Management and Peace Science, 25(4), p. 332–348.
• Chazournes, L. B. de. (2020). The sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the rule of law: A propos SDG 6 on access to water and sanitation. Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, 114, p. 143–147.
• Chiricu, C. Ş. (2019). The analysis of the economic impact of VAT on the economic growth in Southern Europe. REBS, 12(2), p. 47–56.
• Çizel, R., Aşkun, V., & Çizel, B. (2022). Sosyal bilim araştırmalarında bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz yönteminin kullanımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 42(2), s. 549–588.
• Clemens, M. A., Radelet, S., Bhavnani, R. R., & Bazzi, S. (2012). Counting chickens when they hatch: Timing and the effects of aid on growth. The Economic Journal, 122(561), p. 590–617.
• Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4), 5 p. 63–595.
• Dadang, A. (2021). Analysis of public services quality in the tourism sector: The case study of South Garut West Java Province. Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara, 13(2), p. 127–133.
• Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2002). The regulation of entry. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), p. 1–37.
• Dollar, D., Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Mengistae, T. (2005). Investment climate and firm performance in developing economies. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(1), p. 1–31.
• Dzimbiri, L. B. (2016). Politics and public service human resource management systems in Malawi. World Journal of Social Science, 3(2), p. 9–22.
• Erkoyuncu, M. (2023). Aile Mahkemelerinde Sosyal İnceleme. Efe Akademi Yayınları.
• Fagbemi, F., Osinubi, T. T., Nzeribe, G. E., & Bankole, T. O. (2022). Human capital development challenge: Why corruption eradication is a panacea in Nigeria. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 7(2), p. 180–205.
• Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2003). Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. American Political Science Review, 97(1), p. 75–90.
• Fiss, P. C. (2011). Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), p. 393–420.
• Fiszbein, A., Ringold, D., & Rogers, F. H. (2011). Making Services Work: Indicators, Assessments, and Benchmarking of the Quality and Governance of Public Service Delivery in the Human Development Sectors. The World Bank.
• Fukuyama, F. (2013). What Is governance? Governance, 26(3), p. 347–368.
• Gaberli, Y. C., Gaverli, Ü., & Güler, M. E. (2022). Impact of political stability and absence of violence/terrorism on tourism: A panel co-integration analysis. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 20(4), p. 387–400.
• Gates, S., Hegre, H., Nygård, H. M., & Strand, H. (2012). Development consequences of armed conflict. World Development, 40(9), p. 1713–1722.
• Gaventa, J., & Barrett, G. (2012). Mapping the outcomes of citizen engagement. World Development, 40(12), p. 2399–2410.
• Ghobarah, H. A., Huth, P., & Russett, B. (2004). The post-war public health effects of civil conflict. Social Science & Medicine, 59(4), p. 869–884.
• Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P. C., & Aguilera, R. V. (2018). Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best practices in strategy and organization research. Strategic Organization, 16(4), p. 482–495.
• Gupta, S., Davoodi, H., & Tiongson, E. (2001). Corruption and the provision of health care and education services. In The Political Economy of Corruption (p. 123–153). Routledge.
• Hardiyansyah, H., Koesharijadi, K., & Akbar, M. (2020). E-government policy, leadership commitment, apparatus resources development, and their implications on public service performance. Proceedings of the 3rd Forum in Research, Science, and Technology, p. 74–78. Atlantis Press.
• Harrison, L. (2018). Comparisons of the rule of law of China with the West—Katrin Blasek, rule of law in China: A comparative approach. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 5(2), p. 480–482.
• Hegre, H., & Sambanis, N. (2006). Sensitivity analysis of empirical results on civil war onset. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50(4), p. 508–535.
• Helliwell, J. F., & Huang, H. (2008). How’s your government? International evidence linking good government and well-being. British Journal of Political Science, 38(4), p. 595–619.
• Holland, J. H. (2014). Complexity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Holmberg, S., Rothstein, B., & Nasiritousi, N. (2009). Quality of government: What you get. Annual Review of Political Science, 12, p. 135–161.
• Kauffman, S. A. (1993). The origins of order: Self-organization and selection in evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Kauffman, S. A. (1995). At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth without Governance. World Bank.
• Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzi, M. (2004). Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996-2002. In World Bank Economic Review. World Bank.
• Kaufmann, Daniel, Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2010). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. World Bank.
• Keefer, P. (2007). Clientelism, credibility, and the policy choices of young democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 51(4), p. 804–821.
• Khan, H. A. (2015). The Idea of Good Governance and the Politics of the Global South: An Analysis of its Effects. In The Idea of Good Governance and the Politics of the Global South: An Analysis of its Effects. New York: Taylor and Francis Inc.
• Khan, M. H., & Sundaram, J. K. (2000). Rents, Rent-Seeking and Economic Development: Theory and Evidence in Asia—Google Books. In 2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1995). Institutions and economic performance: Cross-country tests using alternative institutional measures. Economics & Politics, 7(3), p. 207–227.
• La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). Legal determinants of external finance. The Journal of Finance, 52(3), p. 1131–1150.
• Lambsdorff, J. G. (2003). How corruption affects productivity. KYKLOS, 56(4), p. 457–474.
• La’o Hamutuk. (2013). Whom will the land laws empower? The La’o Hamutuk Bulletin, p. 1–12.
• Levi-Faur, D. (2005). The global diffusion of regulatory capitalism. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 598, p. 12–32.
• Levin, S. A. (1998). Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems. Ecosystems, 1(5), p. 431–436.
• Lin, R. T., Chen, Y. M., Chien, L. C., & Chan, C. C. (2012). Political and social determinants of life expectancy in less developed countries: A longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 12(1), p. 1–8.
• Mailassa’adah, M., Pudjihardjo, P., & Burhan, U. (2019). The effect of government spending on education, health and social protection sectors towards the human development index in central Kalimantan. International Journal of Social and Local Economic Governance, 5(1), p. 42–48.
• Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), p. 681–712.
• Miller, J. H., & Page, S. E. (2007). Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduciton to Computational Models of Social Life. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
• North, D. C. (1992). Transaction Costs, Institutions, and Economic Performance. San Francisco: ICS Press.
• Ochoa S., J. C. (2015). Towards a holistic approach, in international practice, to the design and implementation of initiatives to promote the rule of law at the national level. International Journal of Law in Context, 11(1), p. 78–91.
• Ohnesorge, J. K. M. (2007). The rule of law. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3, p. 99–114.
• Özmete, D. D. E. (2010). Sosyal hizmette sürdürülebilir kalkınma anlayışı: Kavramsal analiz. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 22(22), s. 79–90.
• Özmete, E., & Gök, F. A. (2015). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma için sosyal inovasyon ve sosyal hizmet ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 26(2), s. 127–143.
• Piazza, J. A., & Walsh, J. I. (2010). Terrorism and human rights: Editors’ introduction. PS: Political Science & Politics, 43(3), p. 407–409.
• Ragin, C. C. (2006). Set relations in social research: Evaluating their consistency and coverage. Political Analysis, 14(3), p. 291–310.
• Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Ragin, C. C. (2018). User’s Guide to Fuzzy-Set/Qualitative Comparative Analysis 3.0. Irvine, California: Department of Sociology, University of California.
• Rajkumar, A. S., & Swaroop, V. (2008). Public spending and outcomes: Does governance matter? Journal of Development Economics, 86(1), p. 96–111.
• Rihoux, B., & Ragin, C. C. (2008). Configurational comparative methods: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques. California: Sage.
• Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: The primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), p. 131–165.
• Rose-Ackerman, S. (1999). Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Schedler, A., Diamond, L., & Plattner, M. F. (1999). The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies. Boulder. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
• Schneider, C. Q., & Wagemann, C. (2012). Set-theoretic Methods for the Social Sciences: A Guide to Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
• Svensson, J. (2005). Eight questions about corruption. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(3), p. 19–42.
• Tanzi, V., & Davoodi, H. (1998). Corruption, public investment, and growth. The Welfare State, Public Investment, and Growth, 41–60. Springer, Tokyo.
• Tanzi, V., & Davoodi, H. R. (2000). Corruption, Growth, and Public Finances. IMF.
• Transparency International. (2023). What is corruption? Retrieved April 9, 2023, from https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption
• UN General Assembly. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. In Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015 (Vol. 16301, p. 1–35). Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/57b6e3e44.html
• UNDP. (2013). Humanity Divided: Confronting Inequality in Developing Countries. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
• UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World. New York.
• WJP. (2021). World Justice Project: Rule of Law Index.
• World Bank. (1992). Governance and Development. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
• Yolcuoğlu, İ. G. (2012). Türkiye’de sosyal politika ve sosyal hizmetlerin geliştirilmesi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 23(2), s. 145–158.
• Zulfiqar, K., Zahra, A., Skhtar, S., Akhlaq, S., & Nawaz, A. R. (2023). Globalization, governance, and inclusive human development: An Asian perspective. Hong Kong Journal of Social Sciences, 60, p. 637–649.