Türkiye'nin Turizm Kalkınma Modelinin İncelenmesi: Politik Ekonomi Yaklaşımı

Öz

1980'lerden bu yana turizm, en temel kaynakları tehlikeye atarak ve sosyokültürel değerler ve çevresel varlıklarla ilgili sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerini göz ardı ederek, bir amaç olmaktan ziyade ekonomik büyümenin bir aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Birçok ülke, ideolojik temelli paradigma değişikliğinin uygulanmasından bu yana, özellikle neoliberal politikaların uygulanmasının ardından ekonomik açıdan turistik faaliyetlerden faydalanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, literatürde turizm temelli kalkınma stratejilerinin başarı öyküsü hakkında birbiriyle çelişen kanıtlar ve iddialar bulunmaktadır. Tartışmaların çeşitliliğine rağmen, Türkiye'de turizm kalkınma planlarının altında yatan değişkenlere yönelik mevcut literatürde ciddi anlamda bir boşluk olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, turizm gelişim sürecinin teorik temellerinin kapsamı, içeriği ve anlayışını geliştirmeyi amaçlayarak mevcut literatürün sistematik ve eleştirel bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu alanda gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için öneriler geliştirmiş ve araştırmanın sınırlılıkları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turizm Kalkınması
• Üçüncü Yol
• Kalkınma Öncelikli Yaklaşım
• Turizm Öncelikli Yaklaşım

Dissecting Turkey’s Tourism Development Model: A Political Economy Approach

Öz

Since the 1980s, tourism has been employed as a means of economic growth rather as an end, compromising essential resources and disregarding sustainability principles concerning sociocultural values and environmental assets. Many countries have significantly benefited economically from tourism activities due to the ideologically driven paradigm shift, particularly with the adoption of neoliberal policies. However, there is conflicting evidence and assertations in the literature about the success story of tourism-based development strategies. Despite the diversity of discussions, there is limited understanding of the fundamental variables affecting Turkish tourism development plans. Hence, this study systematically and critically analyzes existing literature to enhance the scope, content, and understanding of the theoretical foundations of the tourism development process. This study also provides suggestions and identifies limitations for further research in the domain of tourism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tourism Development
• Third Way
• Development First Approach
• Tourism First Approach

Kaynakça

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