TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİNDE BEYİN GÖÇÜ VE TERSİNE BEYİN GÖÇÜNÜ ANLAMAK: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

Beyin göçü yaşayan ülkeler, yüksek eğitimli bireylerin göç etmesi nedeniyle önemli kalkınma sorunlarıyla karşılaşırken, bu bireyleri kabul eden ülkeler ise güçlenmiş bir iş gücünden faydalanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, beyin göçü ve tersine beyin göçü deneyimleri yaşamış bireylerin göç deneyimlerinde sosyo-psikolojik mekanizmaları keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Yapılan 13 derinlemesine görüşmeden elde edilen bulgular, beyin göçünün başlıca nedenlerinin, ülkedeki bilimsel araştırma olanaklarının yetersizliği ve uluslararası deneyim arayışı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ek olarak, tersine beyin göçünü etkileyen faktörler arasında, ülkeye karşı duyulan sorumluluk hissi, sosyal ve ailevi bağlara duyulan özlem ve yurt dışında karşılaşılan ayrımcılık deneyimleri yer almıştır. Çalışma, ülkede sağlam bilimsel araştırma fırsatlarının sunulmasının yanı sıra elverişli sosyo-politik koşullar ve ekonomik teşviklerin, beyin göçünü tersine çevirme açısından önemli teşvikler olduğunu sonucuna varmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• beyin göçü
• tersine beyin göçü
• uyum stratejileri
• çekici-itici faktörler
• geri dönüş teşvikleri

Understanding Brain Drain and Reverse Brain Drain: A Qualitative Study on the Case of Türkiye

Öz

Countries experiencing brain drain face significant developmental challenges due to the emigration of highly educated individuals, while recipient nations benefit from a strengthened workforce. Current study aimed to explore the socio-psychological mechanisms in migration experiences of individuals who have undergone both brain drain and reverse brain drain, using semi-structured interviews. Findings from the 13 in-depth interviews revealed that the primary drivers of brain drain were the scarcity of scientific research opportunities in the home country and the pursuit of international experience. Additionally, factors influencing reverse brain drain included a sense of responsibility toward the home country, a longing for social and familial ties, and experiences of discrimination abroad. The study concluded that offering robust scientific research opportunities in the home country, alongside favourable socio-political conditions and economic incentives, are key incentives for reversing brain drain.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• brain drain
• reverse brain drain
• acculturation strategies
• push-pull factors
• return incentives

Kaynakça

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