Londra Olmadan Avrupa Güvenliği: AB Ordusu Tartışmaları, OGSP’nin Evrimi ve Brexit

Öz

Ortak Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası (OGSP), Avrupa'nın özerk savunma kabiliyetlerini savunan 1998 Saint-Malo Bildirgesi'nden kaynaklanan AB'nin dış eylemlerinin temel bir ayağıdır. Başlangıçta Maastricht Antlaşması kapsamında AGSP olarak kurulan bu politika, 2009 Lizbon Antlaşması ile yeniden tanımlanarak kurumsal güç kazanmıştır. O zamandan beri AB, Avrupa Savunma Ajansı ve PESCO gibi araçlarla desteklenen çeşitli sivil ve askeri misyonlar başlatmıştır. Brexit, AB'nin en güçlü askeri güçlerinden birinin ayrılmasının OGSP'nin güvenilirliğini ve etkinliğini sorgulaması nedeniyle bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, daha derin bir savunma entegrasyonu ve stratejik özerklik çabalarını da hızlandırmıştır. Bu makale, OGSP'nin evrimini incelemekte ve Brexit'in AB'nin savunma politikasını ve egemen bir güvenlik aktörü olarak rolünü nasıl yeniden şekillendirdiğini eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brexit
• Ortak Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası (OGSP)
• Avrupa Güvenliği
• Avrupa Ordusu
• Stratejik Özerklik.

Security without London: EU Army Debates, Evolution of CSDP and Brexit

Öz

The CSDP is a key pillar of the EU’s external action, originating from the 1998 Saint-Malo Declaration, which advocated for Europe’s autonomous defence capabilities. Initially established as the ESDP under the Maastricht Treaty, it was redefined by the 2009 Lisbon Treaty, gaining institutional strength. Since then, the EU has launched various civilian and military missions, supported by tools like the European Defence Agency and PESCO. Brexit marked a turning point, as the departure of one of the EU’s strongest military powers challenged the credibility and effectiveness of the CSDP. Yet, it also accelerated efforts for deeper defence integration and strategic autonomy. This article examines the CSDP’s evolution and critically assesses how Brexit reshaped the EU’s defence policy and its role as a sovereign security actor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brexit
• Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
• European Security
• European Army
• Strategic Autonomy.

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