Araştırma Makalesi
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Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 395 - 411, 27.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1824151
https://izlik.org/JA39FC97MX

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, genç tüketicilerde tüketici utangaçlığı düzeylerini belirlemek, bu düzeylerin demografik değişkenlerle ilişkisini incelemek ve benzer tutum sergileyen bireyleri kümeleme analizi ile gruplamaktır. Araştırma nicel tasarıma sahip olup, veriler 431 katılımcıya yüz yüze uygulanan anket aracılığıyla kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Analiz sürecinde önce kümeleme analizi, ardından MANOVA testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, genç tüketicilerin utangaçlık düzeylerine göre iki ayrı kümeye ayrıldığını ve kümeler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Yaş ve cinsiyet, kümeler arasında farklılaşmayı açıklayan değişkenler iken, eğitim ve meslek gruplarına göre farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Ortalama puanlar, birinci kümenin utangaçlık düzeyinin ikinci kümeden yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, tüketici utangaçlığına dayalı segmentasyonu demografik boyutlarla bütüncül biçimde değerlendirerek genç tüketici profilini somutlaştırmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdelraouf, E. ve Amin, H. (2024), Virtual Facades: Exploring the Relationship between Self-Presentation on Facebook and Social Anxiety among Egyptian Generation Z Users, Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 17(2), s.231-250.
  • Akbulut, Ö. ve Çapık, C. (2022), Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analizler için Örneklem Büyüklüğü, Journal of Nursology, 25(2), s.111-116.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2015). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Aslan, Ö. M. (2016), Davranışsal Ketlenme, Sosyal İçedönüklük, Utangaçlık ve Sosyal İlgisizlik Üzerine Bir Derleme, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(57), s.487-511.
  • Ayan, A. (2017), Yalnızlık ve Utangaçlık Düzeyinin Özyeterlik ve Öfke Kontrolü Üzerine Etkisi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), s.87-108.
  • Aydın, O. ve Haşıloğlu, S. B. (2021), Tüketici Utangaçlık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi, Tüketici ve Tüketim Araştırmaları Dergisi,13(1), s.1-32
  • Aydın, O., Haşıloğlu, S. B. ve Serinkan, C. (2020), Utangaç Tüketici Ölçeği ve İnternetten Satın Alma: Kırgız Üniversite Öğrencileri Örneği, Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 11(2), s.131-140.
  • Bandura, A. (1986), Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A social Cognitive Theory, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Bar-On, R. (2003), How Important is it to Educate People to be Emotionally and Socially Intelligent, and Can it be Done?, Perspectives in Education, 21(4), s.3-15.
  • Bilgihan, A., Peng, C. ve Kandampully, J. (2014). Generation Y's Dining Information Seeking and Sharing Behavior on Social Networking Sites: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(3), s.349-366.
  • Bober, A., Gajewska, E., Czaprowska, A., Świątek, A. H. ve Szcześniak, M. (2021), Impact of Shyness on Self-Esteem: The Mediating Effect of Self-Presentation, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), Article Number 230.
  • Buss, A. H. (1980), Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
  • Canlıer, E. C. (2024), Genel Güven ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti: Sosyal Sermaye ve Refah İlişkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Chaudhary, V., Sharma, D. ve Kalro, A. D. (2019), Consumer Scepticism: A Systematic Review of Literature, The Marketing Review, 19(3-4), s.189-212.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Briggs, S. R. (1990), Shyness as a Personality Trait. İçinde W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and Embarrassment: Perspectives from Social Psychology (ss.315-337), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Buss, A. H. (1981), Shyness and Sociability, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(2), s.330-339.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Melchior, L. A. (1990). Cultural Variations in Shyness: Social Expectations and Interpretation of Behavior. İçinde W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and Embarrassment (ss.167-188), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Çelik, H. (2011), Influence of Social Norms, Perceived Playfulness and Online Shopping Anxiety on Customers' Adoption of Online Retail Shopping: An Empirical Study in the Turkish Context. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 39(6), s.390-413.
  • de Faultrier, B., Boulay, J., Feenstra, F. ve Muzellec, L. (2014). Defining a Retailer’s Channel Strategy Applied to Young Consumers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(11-12), s.953-973.
  • Dhaundiyal, M. ve Coughlan, J. (2016), Investigating the Effects of Shyness and Sociability on Customer Impulse Buying Tendencies: The Moderating Effect of Age and Gender. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 44(9), s.923-939.
  • Dillon, W. R. ve Goldstein, M. (1984), Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications, New York: Wiley.
  • Duffett, R. G. (2017), Influence of Social Media Marketing Communications on Young Consumers’ Attitudes, Young Consumers, 18(1), s.19-39.
  • Eker, E. (2021), Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yalnızlığın Sosyal Kaygı, Sosyal Beceri ve Öz Saygı (Benlik Saygısı) Açısından İncelenmesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Erol, M. (2017), Genç Yetişkinliğin Öncesinde Olan Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu: “Utangaçlık” ve “Öz Yeterlik Algısı” nın Rolü, Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 28(2), s.95-103.
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981), Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), s.39-50.
  • Goffman, E. (1959), The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York: Doubleday.
  • Grier, S. A., Johnson, G. D. ve Scott, M. L. (2022), From Anxious Spaces to Harmonious Relations? Interracial Marketplace Interactions Through the Lens of Consumer Psychology, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 32(1), s.97-126.
  • Hair, F. J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L. ve Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014), Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) An Emerging Tool in Business Research, European Business Review, 26(2), s.106-121.
  • Hayes, A. F. ve Coutts, J. J. (2020), Use Omega Rather Than Cronbach’s Alpha for Estimating Reliability, Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1), s.1-24.
  • Hopko, D. R., Stowell, J., Jones, W. H., Armento, M. E. A. ve Cheek, J. M. (2005), Psychometric Properties of the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, 84, s.185-192.
  • Irshad, M., Ahmad, M. S. ve Malik, O. F. (2020), Understanding Consumers’ Trust in Social Media Marketing Environment, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(11), s.1195-1212.
  • Jürgensen, K. ve Guesalaga, R. (2018). Young Consumers’ Innovativeness in Apparel Choices: A Model Including Consumer Self‐Confidence. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(2), s.255-263.
  • Kagan, J. (1994), Galen’s Prophecy: Temperament in Human Nature, New York: Basic Books.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974), An Index of Factorial Simplicity, Psychometrika, 39(1), s.31-36.
  • Kara, A. (2016), Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı ile Utangaçlık Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi, Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), s.95-106.
  • Kaufman, L. ve Rousseeuw, P. J. (1990). Finding groups in data: An introduction to cluster analysis. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Keizer, A. G., Tiemeijer, W. ve Bovens, M. (2019), Why Knowing What to Do is not Enough: A Realistic Perspective on Self-Reliance, London: Springer Nature.
  • Khraim, H. S. (2015). Segmentation of Young Consumers in Jordan in Terms of Their Lifestyle: An Exploratory Study. American Journal of Business and Management, 4(1), s.27-37.
  • Koles, B., Wells, V. ve Tadajewski, M. (2018), Compensatory Consumption and Consumer Compromises: A State-of-the-Art Review, Journal of Marketing Management, 34(1-2), s.96-133.
  • Kotler, P. ve Keller, K. L. (2022). Marketing Management, 16th Edition, London: Pearson.
  • Kusterer, S. (2017), Shyness in Consumer Behavior. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portekiz.
  • Leary, M. R. ve Kowalski, R. M. (1995), Social Anxiety, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Marikyan, D., Pantano, E. ve Scarpi, D. (2023), Should I Stay or Should I Go? Benefits of Crowd-Checking Technology for a Face-To-Face Shopping Experience, Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 27(1), s.20-38.
  • Moore, R. S., Moore, M. L., Shanahan, K. J., Horky, A. ve Mack, B. (2015), Creepy Marketing: Three Dimensions of Perceived Excessive Online Privacy Violation, Marketing Management Journal, 25(1), s.42-53.
  • Moruszewicz, A. J. (2017), Neutralizing Shyness in Consumer Behavior. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portekiz.
  • Nunnally, J. ve Bernstein, I. (1994), The Assessment of Reliability. Psychometric Theory, 3, s.248-292.
  • Öztürk, D. (2015), Kendi Kendini Denetleme, Bakış ve Sosyal Çevre Arasındaki İlişki: Bağdat Caddesi Örneği, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Pilkonis, P. A. (1977), Shyness, Public and Private, and Its Relationship to Other Measures of Social Behavior, Journal of Personality, 45(4), s.585-595.
  • Ryan, T. ve Xenos, S. (2011), Who uses Facebook? An Investigation into the Relationship between the Big Five, Shyness, Narcissism, Loneliness, and Facebook Ssage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), s.1658-1664.
  • Song, L. I., Xu, C., Guang-Meng, D. ve Qi, Z. (2021), Moderating Effects of Self-Construals on the Associations between Shyness and Internalizing Problems among Chinese Early Adolescents, Journal of Psychological Science, 44(4), s.822-828.
  • Spero, I. ve Stone, M. (2004), Agents of Change: How Young Consumers are Changing the World of Marketing, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 7(2), s.153-159.
  • Stephens, N. ve Gwinner, K. P. (1998), Why Don’t Some People Complain? A Cognitive-Emotive Process Model of Consumer Complaint Behavior, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(3), s.172-189.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. United Kingdom: Pearson.
  • Theocharis, D. (2025), Peer Dynamics in Digital Marketing: How Product Type Shapes the Path to Purchase Among Gen Z Consumers, Businesses, 5(3), Article Number 43.
  • Tutal, B. (2024), Tüketicilerin Sosyal Medya Reklamlarına Yönelik Tutum ve Şüpheciliklerinin Marka Güveni Oluşumuna Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. 
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Luo, N. ve Guo, L. (2022). Understanding How Participating Behaviours Influenced by Individual Motives Affect Continued Generating Behaviours in Product-Experience-Shared Communities. Behaviour & Information Technology, 41(14), s.3044-3064.
  • Wilska, T. A. (2017). Youth and Generations in Consumption. İçinde M. Keller, B. Halkşer, T. Wilska ve M. Truninger (Ed.), Routledge Handbook on Consumption (ss.314-325), Oxfordshire: Routledge.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1977), Shyness: What it is, What to do about it, Boston: Addison-Wesley.

The Relationship Between Consumers’ Shyness Levels and Demographic Characteristics

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 395 - 411, 27.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1824151
https://izlik.org/JA39FC97MX

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the levels of consumer shyness among young consumers, examine the relationship of these levels with demographic variables, and group individuals with similar attitudes using cluster analysis. The study follows a quantitative design, and data were collected from 431 participants through a face-to-face survey using a convenience sampling method. In the analysis process, cluster analysis was conducted first, followed by a MANOVA test. The findings indicate that young consumers were divided into two distinct clusters based on their levels of shyness, with statistically significant differences observed between the clusters. Age and gender were variables explaining the differentiation between clusters, whereas no differences were found according to education or occupational groups. Mean scores reveal that the first cluster exhibits higher shyness levels than the second cluster. The study concretizes the young consumer profile by evaluating consumer shyness-based segmentation in a holistic manner alongside demographic dimensions.

Kaynakça

  • Abdelraouf, E. ve Amin, H. (2024), Virtual Facades: Exploring the Relationship between Self-Presentation on Facebook and Social Anxiety among Egyptian Generation Z Users, Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 17(2), s.231-250.
  • Akbulut, Ö. ve Çapık, C. (2022), Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analizler için Örneklem Büyüklüğü, Journal of Nursology, 25(2), s.111-116.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480.
  • Arnett, J. J. (2015). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Aslan, Ö. M. (2016), Davranışsal Ketlenme, Sosyal İçedönüklük, Utangaçlık ve Sosyal İlgisizlik Üzerine Bir Derleme, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(57), s.487-511.
  • Ayan, A. (2017), Yalnızlık ve Utangaçlık Düzeyinin Özyeterlik ve Öfke Kontrolü Üzerine Etkisi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), s.87-108.
  • Aydın, O. ve Haşıloğlu, S. B. (2021), Tüketici Utangaçlık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi, Tüketici ve Tüketim Araştırmaları Dergisi,13(1), s.1-32
  • Aydın, O., Haşıloğlu, S. B. ve Serinkan, C. (2020), Utangaç Tüketici Ölçeği ve İnternetten Satın Alma: Kırgız Üniversite Öğrencileri Örneği, Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 11(2), s.131-140.
  • Bandura, A. (1986), Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A social Cognitive Theory, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Bar-On, R. (2003), How Important is it to Educate People to be Emotionally and Socially Intelligent, and Can it be Done?, Perspectives in Education, 21(4), s.3-15.
  • Bilgihan, A., Peng, C. ve Kandampully, J. (2014). Generation Y's Dining Information Seeking and Sharing Behavior on Social Networking Sites: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(3), s.349-366.
  • Bober, A., Gajewska, E., Czaprowska, A., Świątek, A. H. ve Szcześniak, M. (2021), Impact of Shyness on Self-Esteem: The Mediating Effect of Self-Presentation, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), Article Number 230.
  • Buss, A. H. (1980), Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
  • Canlıer, E. C. (2024), Genel Güven ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti: Sosyal Sermaye ve Refah İlişkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Chaudhary, V., Sharma, D. ve Kalro, A. D. (2019), Consumer Scepticism: A Systematic Review of Literature, The Marketing Review, 19(3-4), s.189-212.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Briggs, S. R. (1990), Shyness as a Personality Trait. İçinde W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and Embarrassment: Perspectives from Social Psychology (ss.315-337), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Buss, A. H. (1981), Shyness and Sociability, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(2), s.330-339.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Melchior, L. A. (1990). Cultural Variations in Shyness: Social Expectations and Interpretation of Behavior. İçinde W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and Embarrassment (ss.167-188), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Çelik, H. (2011), Influence of Social Norms, Perceived Playfulness and Online Shopping Anxiety on Customers' Adoption of Online Retail Shopping: An Empirical Study in the Turkish Context. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 39(6), s.390-413.
  • de Faultrier, B., Boulay, J., Feenstra, F. ve Muzellec, L. (2014). Defining a Retailer’s Channel Strategy Applied to Young Consumers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(11-12), s.953-973.
  • Dhaundiyal, M. ve Coughlan, J. (2016), Investigating the Effects of Shyness and Sociability on Customer Impulse Buying Tendencies: The Moderating Effect of Age and Gender. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 44(9), s.923-939.
  • Dillon, W. R. ve Goldstein, M. (1984), Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications, New York: Wiley.
  • Duffett, R. G. (2017), Influence of Social Media Marketing Communications on Young Consumers’ Attitudes, Young Consumers, 18(1), s.19-39.
  • Eker, E. (2021), Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yalnızlığın Sosyal Kaygı, Sosyal Beceri ve Öz Saygı (Benlik Saygısı) Açısından İncelenmesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Erol, M. (2017), Genç Yetişkinliğin Öncesinde Olan Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu: “Utangaçlık” ve “Öz Yeterlik Algısı” nın Rolü, Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 28(2), s.95-103.
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981), Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), s.39-50.
  • Goffman, E. (1959), The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York: Doubleday.
  • Grier, S. A., Johnson, G. D. ve Scott, M. L. (2022), From Anxious Spaces to Harmonious Relations? Interracial Marketplace Interactions Through the Lens of Consumer Psychology, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 32(1), s.97-126.
  • Hair, F. J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L. ve Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014), Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) An Emerging Tool in Business Research, European Business Review, 26(2), s.106-121.
  • Hayes, A. F. ve Coutts, J. J. (2020), Use Omega Rather Than Cronbach’s Alpha for Estimating Reliability, Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1), s.1-24.
  • Hopko, D. R., Stowell, J., Jones, W. H., Armento, M. E. A. ve Cheek, J. M. (2005), Psychometric Properties of the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, 84, s.185-192.
  • Irshad, M., Ahmad, M. S. ve Malik, O. F. (2020), Understanding Consumers’ Trust in Social Media Marketing Environment, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(11), s.1195-1212.
  • Jürgensen, K. ve Guesalaga, R. (2018). Young Consumers’ Innovativeness in Apparel Choices: A Model Including Consumer Self‐Confidence. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(2), s.255-263.
  • Kagan, J. (1994), Galen’s Prophecy: Temperament in Human Nature, New York: Basic Books.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974), An Index of Factorial Simplicity, Psychometrika, 39(1), s.31-36.
  • Kara, A. (2016), Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı ile Utangaçlık Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi, Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), s.95-106.
  • Kaufman, L. ve Rousseeuw, P. J. (1990). Finding groups in data: An introduction to cluster analysis. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Keizer, A. G., Tiemeijer, W. ve Bovens, M. (2019), Why Knowing What to Do is not Enough: A Realistic Perspective on Self-Reliance, London: Springer Nature.
  • Khraim, H. S. (2015). Segmentation of Young Consumers in Jordan in Terms of Their Lifestyle: An Exploratory Study. American Journal of Business and Management, 4(1), s.27-37.
  • Koles, B., Wells, V. ve Tadajewski, M. (2018), Compensatory Consumption and Consumer Compromises: A State-of-the-Art Review, Journal of Marketing Management, 34(1-2), s.96-133.
  • Kotler, P. ve Keller, K. L. (2022). Marketing Management, 16th Edition, London: Pearson.
  • Kusterer, S. (2017), Shyness in Consumer Behavior. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portekiz.
  • Leary, M. R. ve Kowalski, R. M. (1995), Social Anxiety, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Marikyan, D., Pantano, E. ve Scarpi, D. (2023), Should I Stay or Should I Go? Benefits of Crowd-Checking Technology for a Face-To-Face Shopping Experience, Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 27(1), s.20-38.
  • Moore, R. S., Moore, M. L., Shanahan, K. J., Horky, A. ve Mack, B. (2015), Creepy Marketing: Three Dimensions of Perceived Excessive Online Privacy Violation, Marketing Management Journal, 25(1), s.42-53.
  • Moruszewicz, A. J. (2017), Neutralizing Shyness in Consumer Behavior. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portekiz.
  • Nunnally, J. ve Bernstein, I. (1994), The Assessment of Reliability. Psychometric Theory, 3, s.248-292.
  • Öztürk, D. (2015), Kendi Kendini Denetleme, Bakış ve Sosyal Çevre Arasındaki İlişki: Bağdat Caddesi Örneği, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Pilkonis, P. A. (1977), Shyness, Public and Private, and Its Relationship to Other Measures of Social Behavior, Journal of Personality, 45(4), s.585-595.
  • Ryan, T. ve Xenos, S. (2011), Who uses Facebook? An Investigation into the Relationship between the Big Five, Shyness, Narcissism, Loneliness, and Facebook Ssage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), s.1658-1664.
  • Song, L. I., Xu, C., Guang-Meng, D. ve Qi, Z. (2021), Moderating Effects of Self-Construals on the Associations between Shyness and Internalizing Problems among Chinese Early Adolescents, Journal of Psychological Science, 44(4), s.822-828.
  • Spero, I. ve Stone, M. (2004), Agents of Change: How Young Consumers are Changing the World of Marketing, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 7(2), s.153-159.
  • Stephens, N. ve Gwinner, K. P. (1998), Why Don’t Some People Complain? A Cognitive-Emotive Process Model of Consumer Complaint Behavior, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(3), s.172-189.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. United Kingdom: Pearson.
  • Theocharis, D. (2025), Peer Dynamics in Digital Marketing: How Product Type Shapes the Path to Purchase Among Gen Z Consumers, Businesses, 5(3), Article Number 43.
  • Tutal, B. (2024), Tüketicilerin Sosyal Medya Reklamlarına Yönelik Tutum ve Şüpheciliklerinin Marka Güveni Oluşumuna Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. 
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Luo, N. ve Guo, L. (2022). Understanding How Participating Behaviours Influenced by Individual Motives Affect Continued Generating Behaviours in Product-Experience-Shared Communities. Behaviour & Information Technology, 41(14), s.3044-3064.
  • Wilska, T. A. (2017). Youth and Generations in Consumption. İçinde M. Keller, B. Halkşer, T. Wilska ve M. Truninger (Ed.), Routledge Handbook on Consumption (ss.314-325), Oxfordshire: Routledge.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1977), Shyness: What it is, What to do about it, Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Pazarlama İletişimi, Tüketici Davranışı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fahrettin Kayan 0000-0002-8099-7271

Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Şubat 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1824151
IZ https://izlik.org/JA39FC97MX
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kayan, F. (2026). Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(1), 395-411. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1824151
AMA 1.Kayan F. Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi. ASBİ. 2026;26(1):395-411. doi:10.11616/asbi.1824151
Chicago Kayan, Fahrettin. 2026. “Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26 (1): 395-411. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1824151.
EndNote Kayan F (01 Mart 2026) Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26 1 395–411.
IEEE [1]F. Kayan, “Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi”, ASBİ, c. 26, sy 1, ss. 395–411, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.11616/asbi.1824151.
ISNAD Kayan, Fahrettin. “Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26/1 (01 Mart 2026): 395-411. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1824151.
JAMA 1.Kayan F. Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi. ASBİ. 2026;26:395–411.
MLA Kayan, Fahrettin. “Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 26, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 395-11, doi:10.11616/asbi.1824151.
Vancouver 1.Fahrettin Kayan. Tüketicilerde Utangaçlık Düzeylerinin Demografik Özelliklerle İlişkisi. ASBİ. 01 Mart 2026;26(1):395-411. doi:10.11616/asbi.1824151