Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Kitlesel Fonlama: Bibliyometrik ve Görsel Haritalama Analizi

Öz

Tıbbi kitle fonlaması, artan sağlık hizmeti maliyetlerine, sınırlı sigorta kapsamına ve tıbbi hizmetlere erişimdeki eşitsizliklere bir yanıt olarak alternatif bir finansman modeli olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Popülerliği küresel olarak artmış olsa da, literatür parçalı durumdadır ve bu alandaki akademik katkıların kapsamlı bir sentezinden yoksundur. Bu çalışma, 2014 ve 2024 yılları arasındaki bilimsel yayınları analiz ederek tıbbi kitle fonlamasının akademik görünümünü sistematik olarak haritalandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bibliyometrik ve görsel haritalama tekniklerini kullanarak, araştırma alandaki kilit eğilimleri, katkıda bulunanları ve kavramsal yapıları belirlemektedir. İlgili anahtar kelime kombinasyonları kullanılarak Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanlarından toplam 222 çalışma seçilmiştir. Veriler, eş yazarlık ağları, anahtar kelime birlikte kullanımı, eş atıf analizleri, tematik haritalama ve historiografik izleme dahil olmak üzere bibliyometrik araçlar kullanılarak R programlama dili ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, özellikle COVID-19 sonrası yayınlarda %44.61'lik bir yıllık büyüme oranı göstermektedir. Snyder, Crooks ve Kenworthy gibi yazarlar ve Simon Fraser Üniversitesi ve Washington Üniversitesi gibi kurumlar, hem üretkenlik hem de atıf etkisi bakımından alana liderlik etmektedir. Literatür iki ana tema etrafında kümelenmektedir: (1) etik ve politika odaklı eleştirel yaklaşımlar ve (2) dijital platformlar ve kampanya başarısı üzerine çalışmalar. Motor temalar "sağlık", "davranış" ve "kitle"yi içerirken, "turizm" ve "bağışçılık" (veya hayırseverlik) gibi niş alanlar az araştırılmış durumdadır. ABD, küresel akademik iş birliği ağında en merkezi ülke olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Tıbbi kitle fonlaması yalnızca bir finansal mekanizma değil, aynı zamanda etik, psikolojik ve sistemik etkileri olan karmaşık bir sosyo-teknik olgudur. Bu çalışma, sağlık hizmetlerinde disiplinler arası yaklaşımlara ve etik temelli fonlama modellerine olan ihtiyacı vurgulayarak, araştırmacılar ve politika yapıcılar için kapsamlı bir yol haritası sağlamaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kitle Fonlaması
• Finansal Sistem
• Sağlık
• Bibliyometrik Analiz
• Tıbbi Finans

Medical Crowdfunding: Bibliometric And Thematic Mapping

Öz

Medical crowdfunding has emerged as an alternative financing model in response to rising healthcare costs, limited insurance coverage, and disparities in access to medical services. Although its popularity has grown globally, the literature remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive synthesis of academic contributions in this field. This study aims to systematically map the academic landscape of medical crowdfunding by analysing scientific publications between 2014 and 2024. Using bibliometric and visual mapping techniques, the research identifies key trends, contributors, and conceptual structures in the field. A total of 222 studies were selected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases using relevant keyword combinations. The data were analysed with the R programming language using bibliometric tools, including co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, co-citation analyses, thematic mapping, and historiographic tracing. The findings show a 44.61% annual growth rate in publications, especially post-COVID-19. Authors such as Snyder, Crooks, and Kenworthy and institutions like Simon Fraser University and Washington University lead the field in both productivity and citation impact. The literature clusters around two core themes: (1) ethical and policy-focused critical approaches, and (2) studies on digital platforms and campaign success. Motor themes include “health,” “behavior,” and “crowd,” while niche areas such as “tourism” and “charity” remain underexplored. The U.S. stands out as the most central country in the global academic collaboration network. Medical crowdfunding is not merely a financial mechanism but a complex socio-technical phenomenon with ethical, psychological, and systemic implications. This study provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers and policymakers, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches and ethically grounded funding models in healthcare.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crowdfunding
• Financial System
• Health
• Bibliometric Analysis
• Medical Finance

Kaynakça

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