RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG HETEROSEXUAL MALE TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Yıl 2021, , 405 - 426, 30.07.2021

Levent Kıylıoğlu Ali Dönmez

https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.vi.901233

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the variables influencing risky sexual behaviors of heterosexual male Turkish university students. The sample of the study consisted of 382 university students studying at Ankara University and METU. As measurement instruments demographic questionnaire, sexual sensation seeking scale, sexual risk-taking scale, religious attitude scale, HIV knowledge scale, self-efficacy scale for AIDS prevention and Bem sex-role inventory were used. In addition to descriptive analysis, correlation and regression analyses were used. Findings showed that participants’ age, having sexually transmitted infection other than HIV, getting HIV test, sexual sensation seeking level and masculinity positively predicted sexual risk taking behavior. Using condom in first intercourse, condom use self-efficacy, and the femininity negatively predicted sexual risk-taking behavior. Findings once more proved protective effect of lifelong condom use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HIV/AIDS, Risk-taking, Sexual Behavior

KARŞIT CİNSEL ERKEK ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE RİSKLİ CİNSEL DAVRANIŞ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yaşayan karşıt cinsel erkek üniversite öğrencilerinin riskli cinsel davranışlarının hangi değişkenler tarafından ve hangi oranlarda belirlendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Ankara Üniversitesi ve ODTÜ’de okuyan 382 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada demografik sorulara ek olarak cinsel heyecan arama ölçeği, cinsel risk alma ölçeği, dinsel tutum ölçeği, AIDS bilgi ölçeği, AIDS’ten korunmada öz-yeterlik ölçeği, Bem cinsiyet rolü envanteri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz olarak betimleyici analizlerin yanı sıra korelasyon ve regresyondan yararlanılmıştır. Yaş, cinsel yolla AIDS dışında başka bir hastalığa maruz kalma ve AIDS testi olma değişkenleri cinsel risk alma davranışını olumlu yönde ve anlamlı olarak yordamıştır. Cinsel heyecan arama ve erkeksilik cinsel riski olumlu ve anlamlı olarak yordayan diğer değişkenlerdir. İlk ilişkide kondom kullanma, AIDS’ten korunmada kondom kullanma öz-yeterliği ve kadınsılığın cinsel risk alma davranışını olumsuz yönde ve anlamlı olarak yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları yaşam boyu kondom kullanmanın koruyuculuğunu bir defa daha ispatlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HIV/AIDS, Risk Alma, Cinsel Davranış

Kaynakça

• Acaroğlu, R. (2007). Knowledge and Attitudes of Mariners about AIDS in Turkey. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 18, p. 48-55.
• Ajayi, A.I. & Olamijuwon, E.O. (2019). What Predicts Self-Efficacy? Understanding the Role of Sociodemographic, Behavioral and Parental Factors on Condom Use Self-Efficacy among University Students in Nigeria. Plos One, 14(8), p. 1-19.
• Avcıkurt, A.S. (2014). Balıkesir Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin HIV/AIDS Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeyi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), p. 79-86.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
• Bedük, T., Ünlü, H. & Duyan, V. (2011). AIDS Knowledge and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Registered Sex Workers in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Science, 41(3), 521-531.
• Bem, S.L. (1974). The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42 (2), p. 155–162.
• Berry, D., Bass, C.P., Shimp-Fassler, C. & Succop, P. (2013). Risk, Religiosity, and Emerging Adulthood: Description of Christian, Jewish, and Muslim University Students at Entering the Freshmen Year. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(7), 695-710.
• Bulduk, S. & Erdoğan, S. (2008). Reliability and Validity of a Self–Efficacy Scale for AIDS Prevention among Turkish University Students. International Journal of Human Sciences, 5, p. 1–17.
• Bulduk, S. (2009). Gençlerde Okula Dayalı Akran Eğitimi Girişimlerinin HIV/AIDS Risk Davranışlarını Azaltma Üzerine Etkisi (Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü), İstanbul.
• Carey, M.P., & Schroder, K.E.E. (2002). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18). AIDS Education & Prevention. 14, p. 174- 184.
• Casey, M.K., Timmermann, L., Allen, M., Krahn, S. & Turkiewicz, K.L. (2009). Response and Self–Efficacy of Condom Use: A Meta–Analysis of this Important Element of AIDS Education and Prevention. Southern Communication Journal, 74, p. 57–78.
• Coleman, C.L. & Ball, K. (2009). Predictors of Self–Efficacy to Use Condoms among Seropositive Middle–Aged African American Men. Western journal of Nursing Research, 31, p. 889–904.
• Cooper, M.L. (2002). Alcohol Use and Risky Sexual Behavior among College Students and Youth. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 14, p. 101-117.
• Dökmen, Z.Y. (1999). Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri Kadınsılık ve Erkeksilik Ölçekleri Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özellikleri. Kriz Dergisi, 7 (1), p. 27-40.
• French, S.E. & Holland, K.J. (2013). Condom Negotiation Strategies as a Mediator of the Relationship between Self–Efficacy and Condom Use. Journal of Sex Research, 50, p. 48–59.
• Gallagher, M.W. (2012). Self–Efficacy. In V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, p. 315–320, London: Academic Press.
• Garfield, C.F., Isacco, A. & Rogers, T.E. (2008). A Review of Men’s Health and Masculinity. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 2(6), 474-487.
• Gullette, D.L. & Lyons, M.A. (2006). Sensation Seeking, Self-Esteem, and Unprotected Sex in College Students. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 17(5), 23-31.
• Harrison, A., O’Sullivan, L.F., Hoffman, S., Dolezal, C. & Morrell, R. (2006). Gender Role and Relationship Norms among Young Adults in South Africa: Measuring the Context of Masculinity and HIV Risk. Journal of Urban Health, 83(4), p. 709-722.
• Kalichman, S.C. & Rompa, D. (1995). Sexual Sensation Seeking and Sexual Compulsivity Scales: Reliability, Validity, and Predicting HIV Risk Behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65 (3), p. 586–601.
• Kavuncu, N. (1987). Bem Cinsiyet Rolü Envanteri'nin Türk Toplumuna Uyarlama Çalışması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü), Ankara.
• Kıylıoğlu, L. & Dönmez, A. (2016). HIV/AIDS’e Yol Açan Riskli Cinsel Davranışla İlişkili Psikososyal ve Kültürel Etmenler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 8(4), p. 367-379.
• Kıylıoğlu, L. & Dönmez, A. (2017). HIV/AIDS Riskini Artıran Cinsel Davranışlar. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(2), p. 147-162.
• Kıylıoğlu, L. (2013). Cinsel Heyecan Arama Ölçeği (CHAÖ): Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2013 (2), p. 41-55.
• Kıylıoğlu, L. (2014). Batı Toplumlarında Dindarlık ve Cinsel Risk Alma Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Derleme. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 55 (2), p. 195-218.
• Kirk, C.M. & Lewis, R.K. (2013). The Impact of Religious Behaviors on the Health and Well-Being of Emerging Adults. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(10), 1030-1043.
• Koca, C., Asçı, F.H. & Kirazcı, S. (2005). Gender Role Orientation of Athletes and Nonathletes in a Patriarchal Society: A Study in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52, p. 217-225.
• Landor, A., Simons, L.G., Simons, R.L., Brody, G.H. & Gibbons, F.X. (2011). The Role of Religiosity in the Relationship between Parents, Peers, and Adolescent Risky Sexual Behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, p. 296-309.
• Lee, Y.H., Salman, A. & Fitzpatrick, J.J. (2009). Preventive Self–Efficacy, Depressive Symptoms, and Risky Sexual Behaviors in Adolescents: A Cross–Sectional Questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46, p. 653–660.
• Leigh, B.C. & Stall, R. (1993). Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior for Exposure to HIV: Issues in Methodology, Interpretation, and Prevention. American Psychologist, 48(10), p. 1035-1045.
• Lopez, F. & Rubia, J.M. (2001). Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for AIDS Prevention among Adolescents. Salud Pública de México, 43 (5), p. 421-432.
• Manlove, J., Logan, C., Moore, K.A. & Ikramullah, E. (2008). Pathways from Family Religiosity to Adolescent Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 40(2), p. 105-117.
• Moore, E.W., Berkley-Patton, J.Y. & Hawes, S. M. (2013). Religiosity, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Behaviors among College Students-Athletes. Journal of Religion and Health, 52, p. 930-940.
• Mullings, J.L., Marquart, J.W. Carr, T. & Hartley, D.J. (2004). Knowledge is not Always Power: HIV Risk Behavior and the Perception of Risk among Women Prisoners. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 11, p. 59-78.
• Neymotin, F. & Downing-Matibag, T.M. (2013). Religiosity and Adolescents’ Involvement with Both Drugs and Sex. Journal of Religion and Health, 52, p. 550-569.
• Nguyen, H.V., Koo, K.H., Davis, K.C., Otto, J.M., Handershot, C.S., Schacht, R.L., George, W.H., Heiman, J.R. & Norris, J. (2012). Risky Sex: Interactions among Ethnicity, Sexual Sensation Seeking, Sexual Inhibition, and Sexual Excitation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, p. 1231-1239.
• Norton, T.R., Bogart, L.M., Cecil, H. & Pinkerton, S.D. (2005). Primacy of Affect Over Cognition in Determining Adult Men’s Condom-Use Behavior: A Review. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 12, p. 2493-2534.
• O’Sullivan, L.F., Hoffman, S., Harrison, A. & Dolezal, C. (2006). Men, Multiple Sexual Partners, and Young Adults’ Sexual Relationships: Understanding the Role of Gender in the Study of Risk. Journal of Urban Health, 83(4), p. 695-708.
• Ok, Ü. (2011). Dini Tutum Ölçeği: Geliştirme ve Geçerlik Çalışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8 (2), p. 528-549.
• Öngen, D.E. (2007). The Relationships between Sensation Seeking and Gender Role Orientations among Turkish University Students. Sex Roles, 57, p. 111–118.
• Özdemir, M., Feyzioğlu, B., Doğan, M., Maykan, M. & Baysal, B. (2006). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin HIV/AIDS Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeyi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Türk HIV/AIDS Dergisi, 9, p. 10-16.
• Patricio, A.C.F.A., Bezerra, V.P., Nogueira, J.A., Moreira, M.A.S.P., Camargo, B.V. & Santos, J.S. (2019). Knowledge of Sex Workers about HIV/AIDS and its Influence on Sexual Practices. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72(5), p. 1310-1317.
• Reidy, D.E., Brookmeyer, K.A., Gentile, B., Berke, D.S. & Zeichner, A. (2016). Gender Role Discrepancy Stress, High-Risk Sexual Behavior, and Sexually Transmitted Disease. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45, p. 459-465.
• Siyez, D.M. & Siyez, E. (2009). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Cinsel Yolla Bulaşan Hastalıklara İlişkin Bilgi Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Türk Üroloji Dergisi, 35(1), p. 49-55.
• Snelling, D., Omariba, D.W.R., Hong, S., Georgiades, K., Racine, Y. & Boyle, M.H. (2006). HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Women’s Education, Epidemic Severity and Protective Sexual Behavior in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Journal of Biosocial Science, 39, p. 421-442.
• Stewart, A.J. & McDermott, C. (2004). Genders in Psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, p. 519–544.
• Stulhofer, A., Graham, C.A., Bozicevic, I., Kufrin, K., & Ajdukovic, A. (2009). An Assessment of HIV/STI Vulnerability and Related Sexual Risk-Taking in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Croatian Adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, p. 209-225.
• The Ministry of Health of Turkey, World AIDS Day, 2019 (retrieved from https,://hsgm.saglık.gov.tr/news, 28.07.2020).
• Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The Development of higher Psychological Processes, Harvard: Harvard University Press.
• Yau, S., Wongsawat, P. & Songthap, A. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Risk and Preventive Behaviors toward Premarital Sexual Practice among In-School Adolescents. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 10, p. 497-510.
• Zuckerman, M. (2007). Sensation Seeking and Risky Sexual Behavior, Washington: American Psychological Association.