Covıd-19 Aşılanma Kararının Sağlık İnanç Modeli Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1400 - 1413, 30.11.2022

Emel Yılmaz Oğuz Karabay Remzi Altunışık

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1162554

Öz

COVID-19 salgınına karşı toplumsal bağışıklığın sağlanabilmesi için aşı geliştirme çalışmalarıyla birlikte toplumun çoğunluğunun aşıyı benimsemesi ve aşı olmayı kabul etmesi gerekmektedir. Çalışmamız, salgınla mücadelede önemli bir tehdit oluşturma potansiyeli olan COVID-19 aşısına karşı kararsızlık ve ret konularına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada, bireylerin, COVID-19 aşısına ilişkin kararlarını sağlık inanç modeli çerçevesinde açıklamak ve COVID-19 aşısını kabul edenler ile reddedenler ve aşı konusunda kararsız olan gruplar arası farklılıkları, multinominal lojistik regresyon analizi ile ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sorularına cevap bulmak için anket aracına dayalı nicel araştırma tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularımız, yerli COVID-19 aşısının sadece %16 oranında reddedildiğini, yabancı kaynaklı aşılardan daha fazla tercih edilebileceğini göstermektedir. Yüksek düzeyde aşılama kabulü için aşının yararı konusunda farkındalığı arttırmaya ve algılanan riskleri düşürmeye yönelik stratejiler, kadınları, alt sosyoekonomik gruptaki ve özellikle kronik hastalığı olan bireyleri hedef almalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Aşısı, Beklenti- Değer Teorisi, Sağlık İnanç Modeli, Aşı Reddi, Aşı Tereddütü

An Evaluation of Covid-19 Vaccination Decision in the Framework of the Health Belief Model

Öz

In order to achieve community immunity against the COVID-19 epidemic, the majority of the society should adopt the vaccine and accept to be vaccinated, together with the vaccine development studies. Our study focuses on the ambivalence and rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine, which has the potential to pose a significant threat in the fight against the epidemic. In the study, it was aimed to explain the decisions of individuals regarding the COVID-19 vaccine within the framework of the health belief model and to reveal the differences between the groups who accept and reject the COVID-19 vaccine and who are undecided about the vaccine with the multinomial logistic regression analysis. A quantitative research technique based on the questionnaire data was used to find answers to the research questions. Our study findings show that the domestic COVID-19 vaccine is rejected by only 16%, implying that the domestic vaccine may be preferred more than foreign vaccines. Strategies to raise awareness of vaccine benefits and reduce perceived risks for high vaccination acceptance should target women, lower socioeconomic groups, and particularly individuals with chronic illness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Vaccine, Value-Expectancy Theory, Health Belief Model, Vaccine Refusal, Vaccine Hesitancy

Kaynakça

• Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 26(2), 136–145.
• Coustasse, A., Kimble, C., & Maxik, K. (2021). COVID-19 and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Challenge the United States Must Overcome. The Journal of ambulatory care management, 44(1), 71–75
• Coe, A. B., Gatewood, S. B., Moczygemba, L. R., Goode, J. V., & Beckner, J. O. (2012). The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the novel (2009) H1N1 influenza vaccine. Innovations in pharmacy, 3(2), 1–11.
• Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2021). Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in the U.S.: Representative Longitudinal Evidence From April to October 2020. American journal of preventive medicine, 60(6), 766–773.
• Deml, M. J., Buhl, A., Notter, J., Kliem, P., Huber, B. M., Pfeiffer, C., Burton-Jeangros, C., & Tarr, P. E. (2020). 'Problem patients and physicians' failures': What it means for doctors to counsel vaccine hesitant patients in Switzerland. Social science & medicine (1982), 255, 112946.
• Dubé, E., Gagnon, D., MacDonald, N. E., & SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (2015). Strategies intended to address vaccine hesitancy: Review of published reviews. Vaccine, 33(34), 4191–4203.
• Dubé E. (2017). Addressing vaccine hesitancy: the crucial role of healthcare providers. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 23(5), 279–280.
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
• Gerayeli, F. V., Milne, S., Cheung, C., Li, X., Yang, C., Tam, A., Choi, L. H., Bae, A., & Sin, D. D. (2021). COPD and the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 33, 100789.
• Glanz K, Bishop DB. The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:399-418.
• Head, K. J., Kasting, M. L., Sturm, L. A., Hartsock, J. A., & Zimet, G. D. (2020). A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts. Science Communication, 42(5), 698–723.
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
• Hudson, A., & Montelpare, W. J. (2021). Predictors of Vaccine Hesitancy: Implications for COVID-19 Public Health Messaging. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(15), 8054.
• Karimi, E., Schmitt, K., & Akgunduz, A. (2015). Effect of individual protective behaviors on influenza transmission: an agent-based model. Health care management science, 18(3), 318–333.
• Lau, J. T., Yeung, N. C., Choi, K. C., Cheng, M. Y., Tsui, H. Y., & Griffiths, S. (2010). Factors in association with acceptability of A/H1N1 vaccination during the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic phase in the Hong Kong general population. Vaccine, 28(29), 4632–4637
• Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., Kimball, S., & El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature medicine, 27(2), 225–228.
• Lin, Y., Hu, Z., Zhao, Q., Alias, H., Danaee, M., & Wong, L. P. (2020). Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 14(12), e0008961.
• MacDonald, N. E., & SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161–4164.
• Maurer, J., Uscher-Pines, L., & Harris, K. M. (2010). Awareness of government seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccination recommendations among targeted US adults: the role of provider interactions. American journal of infection control, 38(6), 489–490.
• Mercadante, A. R., & Law, A. V. (2021). Will they, or Won't they? Examining patients' vaccine intention for flu and COVID-19 using the Health Belief Model. Research in social & administrative pharmacy :RSAP, 17(9), 1596–1605.
• Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., McKay, R., Bennett, K., Mason, L., Gibson-Miller, J., Levita, L., Martinez, A. P., Stocks, T., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nature communications, 12(1), 29.
• Pullan, S., & Dey, M. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination in the time of COVID-19: A Google Trends analysis. Vaccine, 39(14), 1877–1881.
• Salali, G. D., & Uysal, M. S. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychological medicine, 1–3. Advance online publication.
• Salomoni, M. G., Di Valerio, Z., Gabrielli, E., Montalti, M., Tedesco, D., Guaraldi, F., & Gori, D. (2021). Hesitant or Not Hesitant? A Systematic Review on Global COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Different Populations. Vaccines, 9(8), 873.
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online. 2003; 8(2) 23-74
• Shahrabani, S., Benzion, U., & Yom Din, G. (2009). Factors affecting nurses' decision to get the flu vaccine. The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 10(2), 227–231.
• Shahrabani, S., & Benzion, U. (2010). Workplace vaccination and other factors impacting influenza vaccination decision among employees in Israel. International journal of environmental research and public health, 7(3), 853–869.
• Szilagyi, P. G., Thomas, K., Shah, M. D., Vizueta, N., Cui, Y., Vangala, S., & Kapteyn, A. (2020). National Trends in the US Public's Likelihood of Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine-April 1 to December 8, 2020. JAMA, 325(4), 396–398. Advance online publication.
• Tsutsui Y, Benzion U, Shahrabani S. (2012). Economic and behavioral factors in an individual’s decision to take the influenza vaccination in Japan. J Socio Econ. 1;41(5):594–602.
• Verelst, F., Willem, L., & Beutels, P. (2016). Behavioural change models for infectious disease transmission: a systematic review (2010-2015). Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 13(125), 20160820.
• Wang, C., Han, B., Zhao, T., Liu, H., Liu, B., Chen, L., Xie, M., Liu, J., Zheng, H., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Huang, N., Du, J., Liu, Y. Q., Lu, Q. B., & Cui, F. (2021). Vaccination willingness, vaccine hesitancy, and estimated coverage at the first round of COVID-19 vaccination in China: A national cross-sectional study. Vaccine, 39(21), 2833–2842.
• Wong, L. P., Alias, H., Wong, P. F., Lee, H. Y., & AbuBakar, S. (2020). The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 16(9), 2204–2214.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). WHO Guidelines on Translation /Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. Available at: http://www.emro.who.int/emh-journal/authors/ Erişim: 24.12.2021
• Wu, S., Zhang, Y., Ming, F., Zou, S., Wu, M., Guo, W., Tang, W., & Liang, K. (2021). Adverse events of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in HIV-infected adults. AIDS research and therapy, 18(1), 92.
• Zampetakis, L. A., & Melas, C. (2021). The health belief model predicts vaccination intentions against COVID-19: A survey experiment approach. Applied psychology. Health and well-being, 13(2), 469–484.