Mahatma Gandhi'nin Şiddetsiz Felsefesi ve Hindistan'ın Bağımsızlık Mücadelesi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 679 - 695, 25.03.2025

Aytaç Odacılar

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1586005

Öz

Bu çalışma, Mahatma Gandhi’nin şiddetsizlik felsefesinin Hindistan’ın bağımsızlık mücadelesi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, Gandhi'nin Ahimsa, Satyagraha ve Redemptive Suffering (İtfa Edici Acı) kavramlarına odaklanılmıştır. Yöntem olarak, nitel bir yaklaşım benimsenmiş ve 1919 Amritsar Katliamı, 1920-1922 İş-birliği Yapmama Hareketi, 1930 Tuz Yürüyüşü ve 1942 Hindistan'dan Çık Hareketi gibi tarihsel olaylar vaka çalışması yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bu olaylar, Gandhi’nin şiddetsiz direniş stratejilerinin toplumsal hareketleri nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve İngiliz yönetimiyle mücadelede nasıl etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, Gandhi'nin şiddetsizlik felsefesinin, hem manevi hem de stratejik bir yaklaşım olarak Hindistan’ın bağımsızlığındaki en belirleyici faktörlerden biri olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şiddetsizlik Felsefesi, Ahimsa, Satyagraha, Hindistan, Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi's Philosophy of Nonviolence and Its Impact on India's Struggle for Independence

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence on India’s struggle for independence. The research focuses on Gandhi's core principles of Ahimsa, Satyagraha, and Redemptive Suffering. A qualitative approach is adopted, using case studies to analyze key historical events such as the 1919 Amritsar Massacre, the 1920-1922 Non-Cooperation Movement, the 1930 Salt March, and the 1942 Quit India Movement. These cases demonstrate how Gandhi’s nonviolent resistance strategies mobilized the masses and effectively challenged British colonial rule. The findings indicate that Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence was not merely a strategic tool but also a profound moral and spiritual doctrine, playing a crucial role in shaping India’s path to independence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nonviolence Philosophy, Ahimsa, Satyagraha, India, Gandhi

Kaynakça

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