Biathlonda Atış İsabetini Etkileyen Bazı Fizyolojik Faktörlerin İncelenmesi

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı Türk Biathlon Milli Takımında aktif spor hayatı devam eden biathletlerin maksimum oksijen tüketim kapasiteleri, atıştan önceki nabız değerleri ve atış sırasındaki soluk frekans değerlerinin atıştaki isabetlerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya, 15 milli biathlet katılmıştır. Biathletlerin maksimum oksijen kullanma kapasitelerinin (MaxVO2) tespiti için Bruce Treadmill Test Protokolü uygulanmıştır. Üç değişik tempo ile poligona gelen biathletlerin solunum ritimleri, toparlanma kalp atım değerleri ve isabetli atış sayıları tespit edilmiştir. Kayaklı koşu yüklenme yoğunluğu, dinlenik kalp atım sayısı (İKAS) metodu ile hesaplanmıştır. Yüklenme tempoları % 40-60 ve 80 lik kalp atım sayısı hedeflenerek hesaplanmış, RC3 GPS kalp atım hızını gösteren saat ile kontrolü sağlanmıştır. Soluk frekansları sporcular mat üzerine yerleştikleri andan, ayrılıncaya kaydedilmiştir. Atışlardaki isabetleri biathlon atış poligonundaki elektronik hedeflerle kaydedilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmada elde edilen bulgular neticesinde çalışmaya katılan biathletlerin maksimum oksijen tüketim kapasitelerinin atış öncesindeki nabız değerlerinin düşmesini etkilediği, sporcuların farklı yüklenme yüzdeleri ile atış alanına girdiklerinde atış sırasında kalp atım değerlerinin istirahat esnasındaki kalp atım değerlerine kıyasla değişimi arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu durumun atış isabet yüzdesini anlamlı etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan ilişki analizinde MaxVO2 ile atış isabet yüzdesi arasında %80 lik yüklenmedeki atış yüzdesi ile pozitif korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biathlon
• MaxVO2
• Atış İsabeti
• Kayaklı Koşu

Investigation of Some Physiological Actors Affecting of Shooting Accuracy in Biathlon

Öz

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of maximum oxygen consumption capacity, recovery heart rate values before shooting and respiratory frequencies during shooting on shooting accuracy of athletes who continue their active sports life in the Turkish biathlon national team. 15 national biathlete participated in the study. Bruce Treadmill Test Protocol was applied to determine the maximum oxygen consumption capacity (MaxVO2) of biathletes. Respiratory rhythms, recovery heart rate and number of hits of biathletes who came to the range with three different tempos were determined. Cross country Skiing intensity of the biathletes was calculated by the resting heart rate method. Loading tempos were calculated by targeting the heart rate of 40-60% and 80 percent, and it was controlled by a clock with a display showing the RC3 GPS heart rate Breath frequencies were recorded from the moment the athletes settled on the mat until they left. Their hits in shots were recorded with electronic targets on the biathlon shooting range. As a result of the findings obtained in the study, it was determined that the maximum oxygen consumption capacity of the biathletes participating in the study affected the decrease in the pulse values before the shooting, and there was a statistically significant difference between the change of the heart rate values during the shooting compared to the resting heart rate values when the athletes entered the shooting area with different loading percentages . However, it was determined that this situation did not significantly affect the shooting accuracy percentage. In the correlation analysis, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between MaxVO2 and the shooting accuracy percentage at 80% loading.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biathlon
• MaxVO2
• Shooting Accuracy
• Cross Country Skiing

Kaynakça

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