Effect of Maximal Exercise on Blood Biochemistry in Middle-Distance Runners

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the reflection level and effect of maximal exercise on blood biochemistry in middle-distance running. As the method, 18 male athletes with average age and average performance age, who are at the national team level and who have been highly ranked in national competitions and trained at the top level, were included in the study. Venous blood was taken into vacutainer straight tubes just before the subjects included in the study started the run. The athletes ran the distance of 2000 meters in an average of 5.45-1.02 minutes. Blood samples were taken just before the run, and 1, 6, and 24 hours after with the same method. Findings were as follows: Athletes' blood glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol triglyceride, HDL, LDL, Fe, TDBK, Iron saturation (Fe Sat), total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, LDH, CPK, GGT, ALP, Ca and P values was studied with ILL AB test kits. According to the VLDL Frieldwald formula, transferrin was calculated as (TDBK /1.25) and Fe Sat as [(TDBK/Fe) x 100], statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test in the SPSS program (Version 8.0). A value of P<0.05 was considered significant. It was determined that; blood glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TDBK, transferrin, total protein, albumin, LDH, GGT, ALP, Ca and P values in 1 hour, urea, uric acid, triglyceride, VLDL, AST, ALT, CPK values increased in the 6th hour depending on the concentration, and after 24 hours, it decreased to its pre-exercise level, and this change was statistically significant except for TG, VLDL and Fe Sat values. Fe and Fe Sat reached their highest values at the end of 24 hours. As a result, especially the oxygen and energy requirements of the tissues must be met for the training-oriented activities to take place. These requirements are met by the respiratory-circulatory systems, through the blood. The type of exercise applied is also effective in the changes in blood values after an exercise. It was determined that almost all parameters of middle-distance runners approached the pre-exercise level 24 hours after the application of maximal exercise. An increase in blood iron concentration is a finding that will increase their performance. We can say that the athletes have reached the blood biochemistry that can train again after 24 hours.

Keywords

• Middle-Distance Runners
• Blood Biochemistry
• Exercise

Orta Mesafe Koşucularında Maksimal Egzersizin Kan Biyokimyasina Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, orta mesafe koşularında maksimal egzersizin kan biyokimyasına yansıma düzeyini ve etkisini incelemektir. Yöntem olarak, milli takım düzeyinde yer alan ve ulusal müsabakalarda üst sıralarda yer almış ve en üst düzeyde antrenman yapmış, yaş ortalaması ve performans yaşı ortalaması olan 18 erkek sporcu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen denekler çalışmaya başlamadan hemen önce venöz kan vakumlu düz tüplere alındı. Sporcular 2000 metre mesafeyi ortalama 5,45-1,02 dakikada koşmuştur. Aynı yöntemle koşudan hemen önce ve 1, 6 ve 24 saat sonra kan örnekleri alındı. Bulgular şöyleydi: Sporcuların kan şekeri, üre, ürik asit, kolesterol trigliserit, HDL, LDL, Fe, TDBK, Demir doygunluğu (Fe Sat), toplam protein, albümin, AST, ALT, LDH, CPK, GGT, ALP, Ca ve P değerleri ILL AB test kitleri ile çalışıldı. VLDL Frieldwald formülüne göre transferrin (TDBK/1.25) ve Fe Sat [(TDBK/Fe) x 100] olarak hesaplandı, istatistiksel analiz SPSS programında (Sürüm 8.0) Friedman testi kullanılarak yapıldı. P<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edildi. Belirlendi; 1 saatte kan şekeri, kreatinin, kolesterol, HDL, LDL, TDBK, transferrin, total protein, albümin, LDH, GGT, ALP, Ca ve P değerleri, üre, ürik asit, trigliserit, VLDL, AST, ALT, CPK değerleri arttı 6. saatte konsantrasyona bağlı olarak, 24 saat sonra ise egzersiz öncesi düzeyine geriledi ve bu değişim TG, VLDL ve Fe Sat değerleri dışında istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Fe ve Fe Sat 24 saat sonunda en yüksek değerlerine ulaştı. Sonuç olarak antrenmana yönelik etkinliklerin gerçekleşebilmesi için özellikle dokuların oksijen ve enerji gereksinimlerinin karşılanması gerekir. Bu gereksinimler kan yoluyla solunum-dolaşım sistemleri tarafından karşılanır. Uygulanan egzersizin türü de egzersiz sonrası kan değerlerindeki değişikliklerde etkilidir. Orta mesafe koşucularının hemen hemen tüm parametrelerinin maksimal egzersiz uygulamasından 24 saat sonra egzersiz öncesi seviyeye yaklaştığı belirlendi. Kandaki demir konsantrasyonunun artması performanslarını artıracak bir bulgudur. Sporcuların 24 saat sonra tekrar antrenman yapabilecek kan biyokimyasına ulaştığını söyleyebiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Middle-Distance Runners
• Blood Biochemistry
• Exercise

Kaynakça

1. Akgün, N. (1994). Egzersiz ve spor fizyolojisi. Ege Üniversitesi.
2. Bauwens, M., Wierts, R., Van Royen, B., Bucerius, J., Backes, W., Mottaghy, F., & Brans, B. (2014). Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine And Molecular İmaging, 41(4), 776-791.
3. Budgett, R. (1990). Overtraining syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(4), 231-236.
4. Child, R. B., Wilkinson, D. M., & Fallowfield, J. L. (2000). Effects of a training taper on tissue damage indices, serum antioxidant capacity and half-marathon running performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 21(05), 325-331.
5. Coyle, E. F. (2000). Physical activity as a metabolic stressor. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(2), 512S-520S.
6. Gray, A. B., Telford, R. D., & Weidemann, M. J. (1993). The effect of intense interval exercise on iron status parameters in trained men. Medicine And Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(7), 778-782.
7. Gray, A. B., Telford, R. D., & Weidemann, M. J. (1993). The effect of intense interval exercise on iron status parameters in trained men. Medicine And Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(7), 778-782.
8. Kory M Ward. (1993). Chemistry of exercise in clinical chemistry concepts and applications Saunders Company.

9. Laker, M.F. (1998). Clinical chemistry for medical students. Klink biyokimya. Nobel & Güneş Tıp Kitabevi.
10. Lehmann, M., Wieland, H., & Gastmann, U. (1997). Influence of an unaccustomed increase in training volume vs intensity on performance, hematological and blood-chemical parameters in distance runners. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 37(2), 110-116.
11. Rama, R., Ibáñez, J., Riera, M., Prats, M. T., Pagés, T., & Palacios, L. (1994). Hematological, electrolyte, and biochemical alterations after a 100-km run. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 19(4), 411-420.
12. Smith, D. J., & Roberts, D. (1994). Effects of high volume and/or intense exercise on selected blood chemistry parameters. Clinical Biochemistry, 27(6), 435-440.
13. Timmons, J. A., Baar, K., Davidsen, P. K., & Atherton, P. J. (2012). Is irisin a human exercise gene? Nature, 488.
14. Tsuchiya, Y., Ijichi, T., & Goto, K. (2016). Effect of sprint training on resting serum irisin concentration-sprint training once daily vs. twice every other day. Metabolism, 65(4), 492-495.
15. Vamvini, M. T., Aronis, K. N., Panagiotou, G., Huh, J. Y., Chamberland, J. P., Brinkoetter, M. T., ... & Mantzoros, C. S. (2013). Irisin mRNA and circulating levels in relation to other myokines in healthy and morbidly obese humans. European Journal of Endocrinology, 169(6), 829-834.
16. Wu, J., Boström, P., Sparks, L. M., Ye, L., Choi, J. H., Giang, A. H., ... & Spiegelman, B. M. (2012). Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell, 150(2), 366-376.