Araştırma Makalesi
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Vücut Geliştirme Sporcularında Bigoreksiya ve Özgüven İlişkisi

Yıl 2023, , 776 - 787, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1264526

Öz

Bu araştırma vücut geliştirme sporcularının bigoreksiya ile özgüven düzeylerini tespit etmek ve birbiri ile olan ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sporcuların bigoreksiya ile özgüven düzeylerini incelemek amacıyla tarama modelinde tasarlanmış bir araştırmadır. Araştırma grubu Aksaray ilinde bulunan ve düzenli olarak vücut geliştirme sporu ile ilgilenen 145 erkek sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin sağlanmasında “Kas Dismorfik Bozukluğu (Bigoreksiya) Envanteri” ve “Sportif Sürekli Kendine Güven Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların bigoreksiya ve özgüven düzeylerini tespit etmek amacıyla “tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma” tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Sporcuların bigoreksiya ve özgüven düzeylerini antrenman süresine göre karşılaştırmak için tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova) kullanılmıştır. Farkın kaynağına ulaşabilmek amacıyla post-hoc (Tukey) testine başvurulmuştur. Sporcuların bigoreksiya ile özgüven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenebilmesi için pearson korelasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bigoreksiyanın özgüven üzerindeki yordayıcılığı ise basit doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak sporcuların bigoreksiya düzeylerinin yüksek, özgüven düzeylerinin ise düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Antrenman süresi bakımından sporcuların bigoreksiya düzeylerinde anlamlı bir farklılığa rastlanırken (p<0.05), özgüven düzeylerinde herhangi bir farklılığın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p>0.05). Ayrıca bigoreksiya ile özgüven arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu görülmüş, bigoreksiyanın özgüven üzerinde güçlü bir yordayıcı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Desteleyen herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluş bulunmamaktadır.

Proje Numarası

Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır.

Teşekkür

Spor Bilimleri alanına Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisini kazandırdığınız için teşekkürü borç bilirim. İyi çalışmalar dilerim.

Kaynakça

  • Akdeniz, H., ve Saytekin, G. N. (2020). Examination of leadership orientations and self-confidence behaviors of faculty of sport sciences students (Kocaeli University Sample). International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 12(Special Issue), 233-250.
  • Alfano, L., Hildebrandt, T., Bannon, K., Walker, C., ve Walton, K. E. (2011). The impact of gender on the assessment of body checking behavior. Body Image, 8(1), 20-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.09.005
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Babusa, B. (2013). Muscle dysmorphia in Hungarian high risk populations. Doctoral Thesis. Mental Health Sciences Doctoral School Semmelweis University, Budapest.
  • Blomeley, D., Phillipou, A., ve Castle, D. J. (2018). Sizing it up: A systematic review of the nosology of muscle dysmorphia. Clinical Research in Psychology, 1(1), 1‐10.
  • Bonstingl, K., ve McQueen, L. (2014). Muscle dysmorphia: An investigation of nursing students’ awareness & recognition of an emerging disorder. Nursing and Health, 2(1), 18-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/nh.2014.020103
  • Compte, E. J., Sepulveda, A. R., ve Torrente, F. (2015). A two‐stage epidemiological study of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia in male university students in Buenos Aires. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(8), 1092‐1101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22448
  • Cordes, M., Vocks, S., Düsing, R., ve Waldorf, M. (2017). Effects of the exposure to self- and other-referential bodies on state body image and negative affect in resistance-trained men. Body Image, 21, 57-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.02.007
  • Cunningham, M. L., Griffiths, S., Mitchison, D., Mond, J. M., Castle, D., ve Murray, S. B. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia: An overview of clinical features and treatment options. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31(4), 255-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.4.255
  • Dakanalis, A., Timko, A., Madeddu, F., Volpato, C., Clerici, M., Riva, G., ve Zanetti, A. M. (2015). Are the male body dissatisfaction and drive for muscularity scales reliable and valid instruments? Journal of Health Psychology, 20(1), 48-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105313498108
  • Devrim, A. (2016). Kas dismorfik bozukluğu envanteri ve vücut geliştirici imaj şeması' nın geçerlik ve güvenirlik durumu ile yeme tutumu testi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Duran, S., Çiçekoğlu, P., ve Kaya, E. (2020). Relationship between orthorexia nervosa, muscle dysmorphic disorder (bigorexia), and self‐confidence levels in male students. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 56, 878-884. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12505
  • George, D., ve Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Griffiths, S., ve Murray, S. B. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia: Strategies for treating a muscularity-oriented eating disorder. In L.K. Anderson, S.B. Murray & W.H. Kaye (Eds.), Clinical handbook of complex and atypical eating disorders (ss. 235-252). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Hale, B. D., Diehl, D., Weaver, K., ve Briggs, M. (2013). Exercise dependence and muscle dysmorphia in novice and experienced female bodybuilders. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(4), 244-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.4.8
  • Hildebrandt, T., Langenbucher, J., ve Schlundt, D. G. (2004). Muscularity concerns among men: Development of attitudinal and perceptual measures. Body Image, 1(2), 169-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.01.001
  • Ilhan, A., ve Bardakcı, U. S. (2020). Analysis on the self-confidence of university students according to physical activity participation. African Educational Research Journal, 8(1), 111-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.8S1.20.017
  • Karasar, N. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Lochbaum, M., Sherburn, M., Sisneros, C., Cooper, S., Lane, A. M., ve Terry, P. C. (2022). Revisiting the self-confidence and sport performance relationship: A systematic review with meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116381
  • Longobardi, C., Prino, L. E., Fabris, M. A., ve Settanni, M. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia and psychopathology: Findings from an Italian sample of male bodybuilders. Psychiatry Research, 256, 231-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.065
  • Maier, M. J., Haeussinger, F. B., Hautzinger, M., Fallgatter, A. J., ve Ehlis, A. C. (2019). Excessive bodybuilding as pathology? A first neurophysiological classification. World J Biological Psychiatry, 20(8), 626-636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2017.1395070
  • Mitchell, L., Murray, S. B., Hoon, M., Hackett, D., Prvan, T., ve O'Connor, H. (2017). Correlates of muscle dysmorphia symptomatology in natural bodybuilders: Distinguishing factors in the pursuit of hyper-muscularity. Body Image, 22, 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.04.003
  • Mosley, P. E. (2008). Bigorexia: Bodybuilding and muscle dysmorphia. European Eating Disorders Review, 17(3), 191-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.897
  • Murray, S. B., Maguire, S., Russell, J., ve Touyz, S. W. (2012). The emotional regulatory features of bulimic episodes and compulsive exercise in muscle dysmorphia: A case report. European Eating Disorders Review, 20(1), 68-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.1088
  • Nieuwoudt, J. E., Zhou, S., Coutts, R. A., ve Booker, R. (2012). Muscle dysmorphia: Current research and potential classification as a disorder. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 569-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.03.006
  • Özoğlu, F., ve Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2019). Bigoreksiya nedir? Tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımları. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 3(2), 71-78.
  • Pop, C. (2016). Self‐esteem and body image perception in a sample of university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 64, 31-44. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.64.2
  • Pope, C. G., Pope, H. G., Menard, W., Fay, C., Olivardia, R., ve Phillips, K. A. (2005). Clinical features of muscle dysmorphia among males with body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 2(4), 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.09.001
  • Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. J., Choi, P., Olivardia, R., ve Phillips, K. A. (1997). Muscle dysmorphia: An underrecognized form of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics, 38(6), 548-557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(97)71400-2
  • Rhea, D. J., Lantz, C. D., ve Cornelius, A. E. (2004). Development of the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44(4), 428-435.
  • Rohman, L. (2009). The relationship between anabolic androgenic steroids and muscle dysmorphia: A review. Eating Disorders, 17(3), 187-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260902848477
  • Sandgren, S. S., ve Lavallee, D. (2018). Muscle dysmorphia research neglects DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 23(3), 211-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2018.1428484
  • Schneider, C., Agthe, M., Yanagida, T., Voracek, M., ve Hennig-Fast, K. (2017). Effects of muscle dysmorphia, social comparisons and body schema priming on desire for social interaction: An experimental approach. BMC Psychology, 5(19), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-017-0189-9
  • Soomro, N., Bibi, R. Latif, M., Kamran, B., ve Ahmed, S. I. (2013). Differences in the level of self-esteem of housewives and working women. Medical Channel, 19(3), 48-50.
  • Süt, C., ve Aktaş, N. (2020). Vücut geliştirme sporcularını tehdit eden bigoreksiya ve yeme bozukluğu. In N. Aktaş ve G. Ersoy (Ed.), Egzersiz ve sporda beslenme ve yeme bozuklukları (ss. 113-118). Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi.
  • Swami, V., Vintila, M., Tudorel, O., Goian, C., ve Barron, D. (2018). Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the drive for muscularity scale (DMS) in university men. Body Image, 25, 48-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.004
  • Tabachnick, B. G., ve Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221-246.
  • Yıldırım, F. (2013). Sportif sürekli kendine güven alt ölçeğinin uyarlanması ve ortaöğretim kurumlarındaki öğrencilerde sportif sürekli kendine güvenin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mersin.

The Relationship between Bigorexia and Self-Confidence in Bodybuilding Athletes

Yıl 2023, , 776 - 787, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1264526

Öz

This research was carried out to determine the bigorexia and self-confidence levels of bodybuilders and to examine their relationship with each other. It is a research designed in the screening model to examine the bigorexia and self-confidence levels of the athletes. The research group consists of 145 male athletes who are in Aksaray and are regularly involved in bodybuilding. “Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder (Bigorexia) Inventory” and “Sportive Continuous Self-Confidence Scale” were used to provide data. In order to determine the bigorexia and self-confidence levels of the participants, "arithmetic mean and standard deviation from descriptive statistics" techniques were used. One-way analysis of variance (Anova) was used to compare the bigorexia and self-confidence levels of the athletes according to the training time. In order to reach the source of the difference, the post-hoc (Tukey) test was used. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between bigorexia and self-confidence levels of athletes. The predictor of bigorexia on self-confidence was tested using simple linear regression analysis. As a result, it was concluded that the bigorexia levels of the athletes were high and their self-confidence levels were low. While a significant difference was found in the bigorexia levels of the athletes in terms of training duration (p<0.05), there was no difference in the self-confidence levels (p>0.05). In addition, it was observed that there was a negative significant relationship between bigorexia and self-confidence, and it was concluded that bigorexia was a strong predictor of self-confidence.

Proje Numarası

Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akdeniz, H., ve Saytekin, G. N. (2020). Examination of leadership orientations and self-confidence behaviors of faculty of sport sciences students (Kocaeli University Sample). International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 12(Special Issue), 233-250.
  • Alfano, L., Hildebrandt, T., Bannon, K., Walker, C., ve Walton, K. E. (2011). The impact of gender on the assessment of body checking behavior. Body Image, 8(1), 20-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.09.005
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Babusa, B. (2013). Muscle dysmorphia in Hungarian high risk populations. Doctoral Thesis. Mental Health Sciences Doctoral School Semmelweis University, Budapest.
  • Blomeley, D., Phillipou, A., ve Castle, D. J. (2018). Sizing it up: A systematic review of the nosology of muscle dysmorphia. Clinical Research in Psychology, 1(1), 1‐10.
  • Bonstingl, K., ve McQueen, L. (2014). Muscle dysmorphia: An investigation of nursing students’ awareness & recognition of an emerging disorder. Nursing and Health, 2(1), 18-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/nh.2014.020103
  • Compte, E. J., Sepulveda, A. R., ve Torrente, F. (2015). A two‐stage epidemiological study of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia in male university students in Buenos Aires. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(8), 1092‐1101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22448
  • Cordes, M., Vocks, S., Düsing, R., ve Waldorf, M. (2017). Effects of the exposure to self- and other-referential bodies on state body image and negative affect in resistance-trained men. Body Image, 21, 57-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.02.007
  • Cunningham, M. L., Griffiths, S., Mitchison, D., Mond, J. M., Castle, D., ve Murray, S. B. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia: An overview of clinical features and treatment options. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31(4), 255-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.4.255
  • Dakanalis, A., Timko, A., Madeddu, F., Volpato, C., Clerici, M., Riva, G., ve Zanetti, A. M. (2015). Are the male body dissatisfaction and drive for muscularity scales reliable and valid instruments? Journal of Health Psychology, 20(1), 48-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105313498108
  • Devrim, A. (2016). Kas dismorfik bozukluğu envanteri ve vücut geliştirici imaj şeması' nın geçerlik ve güvenirlik durumu ile yeme tutumu testi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Duran, S., Çiçekoğlu, P., ve Kaya, E. (2020). Relationship between orthorexia nervosa, muscle dysmorphic disorder (bigorexia), and self‐confidence levels in male students. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 56, 878-884. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12505
  • George, D., ve Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Griffiths, S., ve Murray, S. B. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia: Strategies for treating a muscularity-oriented eating disorder. In L.K. Anderson, S.B. Murray & W.H. Kaye (Eds.), Clinical handbook of complex and atypical eating disorders (ss. 235-252). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Hale, B. D., Diehl, D., Weaver, K., ve Briggs, M. (2013). Exercise dependence and muscle dysmorphia in novice and experienced female bodybuilders. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(4), 244-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.4.8
  • Hildebrandt, T., Langenbucher, J., ve Schlundt, D. G. (2004). Muscularity concerns among men: Development of attitudinal and perceptual measures. Body Image, 1(2), 169-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.01.001
  • Ilhan, A., ve Bardakcı, U. S. (2020). Analysis on the self-confidence of university students according to physical activity participation. African Educational Research Journal, 8(1), 111-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.8S1.20.017
  • Karasar, N. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Lochbaum, M., Sherburn, M., Sisneros, C., Cooper, S., Lane, A. M., ve Terry, P. C. (2022). Revisiting the self-confidence and sport performance relationship: A systematic review with meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116381
  • Longobardi, C., Prino, L. E., Fabris, M. A., ve Settanni, M. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia and psychopathology: Findings from an Italian sample of male bodybuilders. Psychiatry Research, 256, 231-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.065
  • Maier, M. J., Haeussinger, F. B., Hautzinger, M., Fallgatter, A. J., ve Ehlis, A. C. (2019). Excessive bodybuilding as pathology? A first neurophysiological classification. World J Biological Psychiatry, 20(8), 626-636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2017.1395070
  • Mitchell, L., Murray, S. B., Hoon, M., Hackett, D., Prvan, T., ve O'Connor, H. (2017). Correlates of muscle dysmorphia symptomatology in natural bodybuilders: Distinguishing factors in the pursuit of hyper-muscularity. Body Image, 22, 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.04.003
  • Mosley, P. E. (2008). Bigorexia: Bodybuilding and muscle dysmorphia. European Eating Disorders Review, 17(3), 191-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.897
  • Murray, S. B., Maguire, S., Russell, J., ve Touyz, S. W. (2012). The emotional regulatory features of bulimic episodes and compulsive exercise in muscle dysmorphia: A case report. European Eating Disorders Review, 20(1), 68-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.1088
  • Nieuwoudt, J. E., Zhou, S., Coutts, R. A., ve Booker, R. (2012). Muscle dysmorphia: Current research and potential classification as a disorder. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 569-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.03.006
  • Özoğlu, F., ve Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2019). Bigoreksiya nedir? Tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımları. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 3(2), 71-78.
  • Pop, C. (2016). Self‐esteem and body image perception in a sample of university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 64, 31-44. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.64.2
  • Pope, C. G., Pope, H. G., Menard, W., Fay, C., Olivardia, R., ve Phillips, K. A. (2005). Clinical features of muscle dysmorphia among males with body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 2(4), 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.09.001
  • Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. J., Choi, P., Olivardia, R., ve Phillips, K. A. (1997). Muscle dysmorphia: An underrecognized form of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics, 38(6), 548-557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(97)71400-2
  • Rhea, D. J., Lantz, C. D., ve Cornelius, A. E. (2004). Development of the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44(4), 428-435.
  • Rohman, L. (2009). The relationship between anabolic androgenic steroids and muscle dysmorphia: A review. Eating Disorders, 17(3), 187-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260902848477
  • Sandgren, S. S., ve Lavallee, D. (2018). Muscle dysmorphia research neglects DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 23(3), 211-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2018.1428484
  • Schneider, C., Agthe, M., Yanagida, T., Voracek, M., ve Hennig-Fast, K. (2017). Effects of muscle dysmorphia, social comparisons and body schema priming on desire for social interaction: An experimental approach. BMC Psychology, 5(19), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-017-0189-9
  • Soomro, N., Bibi, R. Latif, M., Kamran, B., ve Ahmed, S. I. (2013). Differences in the level of self-esteem of housewives and working women. Medical Channel, 19(3), 48-50.
  • Süt, C., ve Aktaş, N. (2020). Vücut geliştirme sporcularını tehdit eden bigoreksiya ve yeme bozukluğu. In N. Aktaş ve G. Ersoy (Ed.), Egzersiz ve sporda beslenme ve yeme bozuklukları (ss. 113-118). Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi.
  • Swami, V., Vintila, M., Tudorel, O., Goian, C., ve Barron, D. (2018). Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the drive for muscularity scale (DMS) in university men. Body Image, 25, 48-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.004
  • Tabachnick, B. G., ve Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221-246.
  • Yıldırım, F. (2013). Sportif sürekli kendine güven alt ölçeğinin uyarlanması ve ortaöğretim kurumlarındaki öğrencilerde sportif sürekli kendine güvenin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mersin.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor ve Egzersiz Psikolojisi, Egzersiz ve Spor Psikolojisi
Bölüm Arşiv
Yazarlar

Metin Yüceant 0000-0002-6867-2183

Proje Numarası Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır.
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüceant, M. (2023). Vücut Geliştirme Sporcularında Bigoreksiya ve Özgüven İlişkisi. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 6(3), 776-787. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1264526

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