Kar Sporlarında İzokinetik Diz Kuvvetlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Farklı kar branşlarındaki elit sporcuların diz eklemi izokinetik kuvvet oranlarını karşılaştırılarak aralarındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya kar branşları (alp disiplini, kayaklı koşu, snowboard, kayakla atlama ve biathlon) kapsamında yaş ortalamaları 18,3±2,2 yıl boy uzunluğu ortalamaları 171,47 ± 4,91 cm, vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları 65,65±10,85 kg olan, 40 erkek sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Sporcuların diz fleksiyon/ekstansiyon kas kuvvetleri 60°/sn açısal hızda 5 ve 180°/sn açısal hızda 15 tekrar şeklinde ölçülmüştür. Grupların diz fleksör/ekstansör kas kuvvetleri arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemek için one way anova analizi kullanılmıştır. Branşlar arasındaki farklılığın belirlemek için poct hoc Tukey analizi uygulanmıştır. Branşların 60-180⁰/sn açısal hızda dominant, non-dominant ekstansör kaslarında anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır (p<0,05*). Dominant bacak ekstantiyon hareketinde; alp disiplini ile kayakla atlama branşları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu, non-dominant bacak kuvvetinin ekstansiyon hareketinde snowboard ile kayakla atlama branşları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Fleksiyon hareketinde 60 ve 180°/sn açısal hızda dominant ve non-dominant bacak kuvveti hareketinde fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Grupların 60-180°/sn açısal hızda dominant ve non-dominant fleksör/ekstansör kaslarının kuvvet oranları 60°/sn dominant bacak kuvvetinde fleksiyon/ekstansiyon hareketinde alp disiplini ile kayaklı koşu branşları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmış ve alp disiplini branşının kas kuvveti oranının en yüksek olduğu görülmektedir (p<0,05*). Diğer değişkenlerde branşlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadı (p>0,05). Kayakla atlama sporcularının diğer branşlara göre diz eklemi ekstansör kaslarının kuvvetinin daha düşük olduğu; alp disiplini ve kayaklı koşu sporcularının 60°/sn açısal hızda H/Q oranlarında alp disiplini aleyhine kuvvet dengesizliği saptanmıştır. Sporcularda kuvvet dengesizliğini belirlemek gerektiğinde H/Q orantısızlığını gidermek için düzeltici egzersizlerin yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diz Ekstansör/Fleksör
• H/Q Oranı
• Kayak
• İzokinetik Kas Kuvveti

Comparison of Isokinetic Knee Strength in Snow Sports

Öz

It was aimed to compare the knee joint isokinetic strength ratios of elite athletes in different snow branches and evaluate the relationship between them. In the scope of snow branches (alpine skiing, ski running, snowboarding, ski jumping and biathlon), the mean age is 18.3±2.2 years, theme an height is 171.47±4.91 cm, and theme an body weight is 65.65±10,85 kg 40 male athletes were included. The athletes' knee flexion/extension muscle strengths were measured as 5 repetitions at an angular speed of 60°/sec and 15 repetitions at an angular velocity of 180°/sec. One way anova analysis was used to determine the differences between the groups knee joint flexor/extensor muscle strengths. Poct hoc Tukey analysis was applied to determine the difference between branches. There is significant difference in the dominant, non-dominant extensor muscles of the branches at 60-180⁰/sec angular velocity (p<0.05*). In extension movement in dominant leg; It was found that there was statistically significant difference between alpine discipline and ski jumping branches, and statistically significant difference was found between snowboard and ski jumping branches in non-dominant leg strength in extension movement. It was determined that there was no difference between dominant and non-dominant leg strength movements at 60 and 180°/sec angular speed in flexion movement. A significant difference was found between the strength ratios of dominant and non-dominant flexor/extensor muscles at 60-180°/sec angular velocity of the groups in flexion/extension movement at 60°/sec. appears to be high (p<0.05*). No significant relationship was found between branches in other variables (p>0.05). The strength of the knee joint extensor muscles of ski jumping athletes is lower compared to other branches; A force imbalance was detected in the H/Q ratios of alpine skiing and cross-country skiing athletes at an angular speed of 60°/sec, against the detriment of alpine skiing. When it is necessary to determine strength imbalance in athletes, it is recommended to perform corrective exercises to eliminate H/Q disproportion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Knee Extensor/Flexor
• H/Q Ratio
• Skiing
• İsokinetic Muscle Strength

Kaynakça

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