Profesyonel Futbolcuların İzokinetik Diz Kuvveti ile Denge Performanslarının Mevkisel Olarak İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, profesyonel düzeyde futbol oynayan futbolcuların izokinetik diz kuvveti ve denge performanslarının mevkisel olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2023-2024 sezonu T.F.F. Trendyol 1. Lig 2023-2024 sezonunda mücadele edecek olan Erzurumspor F.K. takımının profesyonel futbolcuları oluşturmuştur. Çalışmaya defans (n:13) ve hücum (n:13) olmak üzere 26 futbolcu katılmıştır. Futbolcuların, vücut kompozisyonlarını belirlemek için BODPOD Gold Standard takip sistemi, statik ve dinamik denge testleri SPORTKAT 4000 marka cihaz, diz fleksiyon-ekstansiyon kuvvetlerinin belirlenmesinde ISOMED 2000 İzokinetik sistem kullanılmıştır. Ölçülen parametrelerin normallik dağılımı Skewness, Kurtosis ve Shapiro-Wilks testleriyle sınandıktan sonra verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiğinden mevkiler arasındaki farklılıkların tespit edilmesinde Bağımsız Örneklem t testi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak alınmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, savunma oyuncularının hamstring kuvvet değerinin her iki ayakta, quadriceps kuvvet değerinde ise sol ayakta hücum oyuncuları lehine fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Statik denge değerlerinde savunma oyuncuları lehine, dinamik denge değerinde ise hücum oyuncuları lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak yaptığımız çalışmada, mevkiler arası futbolcuların farklılıkları olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumun futbolcuların fiziksel ve fizyolojik gereksinimlerinin birbirinden farklı özellik gerektirmesinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İzokinetik Diz Kuvveti
• Denge
• Futbol
• Profesyonel

Examination of the Isokinetic Knee Strength and Balance Performance of Professional Football Players by Position

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the isokinetic knee strength and balance performance of professional football players by position.The study group of the research consisted of professional football players from Erzurumspor F.K. who will compete in the T.F.F. Trendyol 1st League during the 2023-2024 season. A total of 26 players participated in the study, with 13 defenders and 13 attackers. To determine the players' body compositions, the BODPOD Gold Standard tracking system was used. Static and dynamic balance tests were conducted using the SPORTKAT 4000 device, and the ISOMED 2000 Isokinetic system was used to determine knee flexion-extension forces. After testing the normality distribution of the measured parameters using Skewness, Kurtosis, and Shapiro-Wilks tests, it was determined that the data showed a normal distribution. Independent Samples t-tests were applied to identify differences between positions. The significance level for this study was set at p<0.05.According to the results obtained from the research, it was found that there was a significant difference in hamstring strength values in favor of the attacking players in both legs, and in the quadriceps strength values in favor of the attacking players in the left leg. Statistically significant differences were also identified in static balance values in favor of defenders and in dynamic balance values in favor of attackers.In conclusion, our study revealed differences between football players in different positions, likely due to the varying physical and physiological requirements of their respective roles.

Keywords

• Isokinetic Knee Strength
• Balance
• Soccer
• Professional

Kaynakça

1. Bishop, C., Manuel, J., Drury, B., Beato, M., & Turner, A. (2022). Assessing eccentric hamstring strength using the NordBord: Between-session reliability and interlimb asymmetries in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(9), 2552-2557.
2. Boraczyński, M., Boraczyński, T., Podstawski, R., Wójcik, Z., & Gronek, P. (2020). Relationships between measures of functional and isometric lower body strength, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, sprint and countermovement jump performance in professional soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 75(1), 161-175.
3. Carvalhais, V. O. D. C., Santos, T. R. T. D., Araújo, V. L., Leite, D. X., Dias, J. M. D., & Fonseca, S. T. D. (2013). Muscular strength and fatigue index of knee extensors and flexors of professional soccer players according to their positioning in field. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 19, 452-456.
4. Casajús, J. A. (2001). Seasonal variation in fitness variables in professional soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(4), 463-469.
5. Chtara, M., Rouissi, M., Bragazzi, N. L., Owen, A. L., Haddad, M., & Chamari, K. (2018). Dynamic balance ability in young elite soccer players: implication of isometric strength. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 58(4), 414-420.
6. Clemente, F. M., Clark, C., Castillo, D., Sarmento, H., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2019). Variations of training load, monotony, and strain and dose-response relationships with maximal aerobic speed, maximal oxygen uptake, and isokinetic strength in professional soccer players. PLoS One, 14(12), e0225522.
7. Davis, J. A., Brewer, J., & Atkin, D. (1992). Pre‐season physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 10(6), 541-547.
8. Jadczak, L., Grygorowicz, M., Dzudzinski, W., & Sliwowski, R. (2019). Comparison of static and dynamic balance at different levels of sport competition in professional and junior elite soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3384-3391.

9. Kerman, M. T., Atri, A. E., & Hashemi Javaheri, S. A. A. (2018). The effect of FIFA 11+ injury prevention program on dynamic balance and knee Isometric Strength of Female players in soccer super league. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 16(7).
10. Little, T., & Williams, A. G. (2007). Measures of exercise intensity during soccer training drills with professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 367-371.
11. Mahmoudi, F., Rahnama, N., Daneshjoo, A., & Behm, D. G. (2023). Comparison of dynamic and static balance among professional male soccer players by position. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.
12. Stone, N. M., & Kilding, A. E. (2009). Aerobic conditioning for team sport athletes. Sports Medicine, 39, 615-642.
13. Tourny-Chollet, C., Leroy, D., Léger, H., & Beuret-Blanquart, F. (2000). Isokinetic knee muscle strength of soccer players according to their position. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 8(4), 187-194.
14. Vargas, V. Z., Motta, C., Peres, B., Vancini, R. L., Andre Barbosa De Lira, C., & Andrade, M. S. (2020). Knee isokinetic muscle strength and balance ratio in female soccer players of different age groups: A cross-sectional study. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 48(1), 105-109.
15. Yilmaz, H. H., Seren, K., & Atasever, G. (2023). The relationship between isokinetic strength and anaerobic performance in elite youth football players. Journal of ROL Sport Sciences, 4(2), 457-468.