The Relationship of Diving Training with Executive Functions in the Acute Period in Female Free Divers

Öz

One of the most commonly studied topics is the effects of exercise on cognitive function. Responses to exercise in aquatic environments are of interest given the acute changes that environmental conditions can cause in human physiology. This study aims to investigate the changes in executive function and reaction times of female professional divers after breath holding exercises. The study involved 7 healthy female participants who were engaged in professional free diving. The training sessions included acclimatization to the '2N Back Test', anthropometric measurements, maximum breath holding test and cognitive test results in land and water settings. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at p<0.05. The reaction time results of the '2 N back test' showed that the reaction times (RT) immediately after the on-shore breathing exercise (x̄: 0.59 ± 0.14) were significantly reduced compared to the control condition (x̄: 0.47 ± 0.10) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the accuracy of the 2 N back test (p> 0.05). Additionally, a significant strong negative correlation was found between reaction times and accuracy following water-based exercise (p<0.05). In conclusion, breath holding exercises performed in water and on land improved cognitive functions at a statistically moderate level compared to the control condition, and reaction times improved significantly in the land condition compared to the control condition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Executive Function
• Breath-Holding Exercise
• Diving
• Reaction Time
• Exercise

Kadın Serbest Dalışçılarda Dalış Antrenmanlarının Akut Dönemde Yürütücü Fonksiyonlar ile İlişkisi

Öz

Egzersizin bilişsel fonksiyonlar üzerine etkileri sıklıkla araştırılan konu başlıklarından biri haline gelmiştir. Buna ek olarak değişen çevresel koşulların insan fizyolojisinde akut değişimler oluşturduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda su ortamında gerçekleştirilen egzersize olan yanıtlar merak konusudur. Bu çalışmada kadın profesyonel dalış sporcularının nefes tutma egzersizi sonrası yürütücü fonksiyon ve tepki süreleri değişimlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya profesyonel serbest dalış branşından 7 sağlıklı kadın katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara uygulanacak olan “2 N-Geri” görevinin öğretilmesi için familarizasyon oturumu, antropometrik ölçümler, maksimal nefes tutma kapasite testi, kara ve su ortamında bilişsel test skorlarının belirlenmesi için karada ve suda nefes tutma egzersiz oturumlarında ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirmeler için IBM SPSS 22 programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tekrarlayan ölçümlerde ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p< 0.05 olarak belirlendi. 2 N-Geri testinin reaksiyon zamanı (RT) sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, karada nefes tutma egzersizinden hemen sonraki reaksiyon zamanlarının (x̄: 0.59 ± 0.14), kontrol koşulundaki reaksiyon zamanlarına (x̄: 0.47 ± 0.10) göre anlamlı düzeyde uzadığı görülmüştür (p<0.05). N-Back testinin doğru yanıtları arasında ise anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir (p> 0.05). Ayrıca, katılımcıların reaksiyon süreleri ve doğru cevap sayıları arasındaki korelasyon analizinde, su koşulundaki egzersiz sonrası reaksiyon süreleri ve doğru cevap sayıları arasında anlamlı ve güçlü bir negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Bu bulgular ışığında suda ve karada gerçekleştirilen nefes tutma egzersizlerinin akut olarak bilişsel fonksiyonları kontrol koşuluna kıyasla istatistiksel ılımlı düzeyde iyileştirdiği, reaksiyon sürelerinin kara koşulunda kontrol koşuluna göre anlamlı düzeyde geliştiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel Performans
• Nefes Tutma Egzersizi
• Dalış
• Tepki Süresi
• Egzersiz

Kaynakça

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