Systematic Review of Studies on the Effect of Exercise Interventions on Cognitive Process in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Öz

The aim of this review is to compile studies on the effects of exercise on cognitive functions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the content of exercise programs applied to children with ASD. This study was organized based on the Prisma Flow Diagram developed by Moher et al. (2009). According to the findings obtained from the 13 articles in the review, it was concluded that the articles were conducted using quantitative research methods, generally in China and in 2022, the studies were mostly conducted with the 3-6 age group as the sample group, and mini basketball activities had positive effects in this group. However, virtual reality activities were found to be the most commonly used exercise intervention in children with ASD. It was observed that exercise durations generally varied between 8 and 12 weeks, at least 2 and at most 3 days a week, at least 30 minutes and at most 60 minutes. Scales and questionnaires were used in the articles to determine the effects of the interventions and it was concluded that studies using direct measurement tools such as imaging were very limited. As a result of this systematic review, it was concluded that game content such as basketball and football, exercise programs that provide coordinative development, and virtual reality activities adapted with these programs support cognitive development in children and adolescents with ASD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Cognitive Development
• Exercise

Egzersiz Müdahalelerinin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Bilişsel Sürece Etkisi İle İlgili Yapılmış Çalışmaların Sistematik Derlemesi

Öz

Bu derlemenin amacı Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna (OSB) sahip çocuklarda egzersizin bilişsel işlevler üzerindeki etkileri ve OSB’li çocuklara uygulanan egzersiz programlarının içerikleri ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların derlenmesidir. Bu çalışma Moher ve diğerleri (2009) tarafından geliştirilen Prisma Akış Diyagramı temel alınarak düzenlenmiştir. Derlemedeki 13 makaleden elde edilen bulgulara göre makalelerin nicel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak, genellikle Çin’de ve 2022 yılında yapıldığı, örneklem grubu olarak en fazla 3-6 yaş grubu ile çalışmaların gerçekleştirildiği ve bu grupta mini basketbol etkinliklerinin olumlu etkileri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte sanal gerçeklik etkinlikleri OSB’li çocuklarda en fazla kullanılan egzersiz müdahalesi olarak tespit edilmiştir. Egzersiz sürelerinin genel olarak 8 ile 12 hafta arasında değiştiği, haftada en az 2 en fazla 3 gün, en az 30 dakika en fazla 60 dakika olduğu görülmüştür. Müdahalelerin etkilerini belirlemek için makalelerde ölçek ve anketlerden yararlanılmış ve görüntüleme gibi doğrudan ölçen ölçüm araçlarını kullanan çalışmaların oldukça sınırlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sistematik derleme sonucunda basketbol ve futbol gibi oyun içerikleri koordinatif gelişim sağlayan egzersiz programları ve bu programlar ile birlikte uyarlanan sanal gerçeklik etkinliklerinin OSB’li çocuklarda ve ergenlerde bilişsel gelişimi desteklediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu
• Bilişsel Gelişim
• Egzersiz

Kaynakça

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