Rekreatif Amaçlı Bir Aktivite Olarak Ultramaraton Koşmaya Yönelik Motivasyon Faktörleri

Öz

Sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkileri nedeniyle eğlence amaçlı başlanan koşuların son yıllarda yarı maraton mesafelerinden fizyolojik ve zihinsel sınırlarını zorlayan ultramaraton (UM) koşusuna doğru bir geçiş sergilediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 119 km'lik Kapadokya Ultramaratonunda yarışan eğlence amaçlı koşucuların motivasyon faktörlerini araştırmaktır. 98 dayanıklılık koşucusunun verileri Ultra Maraton Motivasyon Ölçeği (UMMS) ile toplanmış ve cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi, haftalık antrenman sıklığı ve koşu mesafesi bağımsız değişkenlerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, özellikle 45 yaş üstü rekreatif amaçlı koşan sporcuları UM koşmaya motive eden faktörlerin öz saygı, bağlılık, kişisel hedef başarısı, sağlık yönelimi, yaşam anlamı ve kendisiyle rekabet olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca erkek koşucuları kadın koşuculara göre UM koşularına daha fazla katılmaya motive eden nedenin diğer koşucularla rekabet duygusu olduğu, koşucuların eğitim düzeyi arttıkça kilo kaygısının onları motive etmede en etkili faktör olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ancak koşucuların medeni durumlarının, haftalık antrenman sıklıklarının ve koşu mesafelerinin UM koşularına katılma motivasyonları üzerinde bir etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak UM koşularına katılan rekreasyonel koşucuların katılım motivasyonlarının yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim durumuna göre farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. UM koşusu tek bir spor etkinliği olarak düşünülmemelidir, zira mesafeye veya zamana bağlı olarak değişen çeşitli formları bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle gelecekteki çalışmalarda farklı UM etkinliklerine katılan rekreasyonel koşucuları motive eden faktörlerin ayrı ayrı incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ultramaraton
• motivasyon
• koşu
• rekreasyonel aktivite
• cinsiyet

Motivational Factors for Running an Ultramarathon as a Recreational Activity

Öz

Although runners mostly start for health benefits and recreational purposes, there is a shift in the recent years from half-marathon to ultramarathon (UM) running that pushes the physiological and mental limits of human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors for motivation of recreational runners competing in the 119 km Cappadocia Ultramarathon Run. Data of 98 endurance runners was collected via The Ultra Marathon Motivation Scale (UMMS) and analyzed according to the independent variables gender, age, marital status, education level, weekly training frequency and running distance. Results of the study showed that the factors that motivate recreational runners, especially those over the age of 45, more likely to run UM are self-esteem, affiliation, personal goal achievement, health orientation, life meaning and competition with oneself. Moreover, it has been understood that the reason that motivates male runners to participate in UM runs more than female runners is the feeling of competition with other runners, and as the education level of runners increases, weight concern is the most effective factor in motivating them. However, it was determined that the runners' marital status, weekly training frequency and running distance did not have any effect on their motivation to participate in UM runs. It can be concluded that the motivation of recreational runners to participate in UM runs differed according to their age, gender and educational status. Since UM running is not considered a single sporting event and has various forms that vary depending on distance or time, it is of great importance to examine the motivational factors in several UM events with different characteristics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ultramarathon
• motivation
• running
• recreational activity
• gender

Kaynakça

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