Araştırma Makalesi
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Özgürlük, Korku ve Bağımlılık Paradoksu: Dijital Serbest Zaman Katılım Amaçları, Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu ve Nomofobinin Yordayıcısı Mıdır?

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 250 - 271, 28.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1652924

Öz

Son yıllarda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler, bireylerin farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda dijital serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılımına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu durumun zaman yönetimi açısından süre ve sıklığı kontrol edilemediğinde olumsuz sonuçları olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı dijital serbest zaman katılım amaçlarının, gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ve nomofobi üzerine etkisinin test edilmesidir. Oluşturulan model doğrultusunda dijital serbest zaman katılım amaçlarının gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ve nomofobi üzerindeki etkisiyle; gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun nomofobi üzerindeki etkisinin de test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin örneklem grubunu oluşturduğu çalışmaya 363 kadın (%69.1) ve 162 erkek (%30.9) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Kavramlar arasındaki ilişkiyi test etme amacıyla Pearson Korelasyon testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma modelinin test edilmesine ilişkin olarak DFA ve YEM’den yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde dijital serbest zaman katılım amaçları, gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ve nomofobi arasında pozitif yönlü ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Dijital serbest zaman katılım amaçları gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ve nomofobinin yordayıcıdır. Ek olarak gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun da nomofobiyi doğrudan etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar tartışma bölümünde literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarla birlikte ele alınmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akçakese, A., & Demirel, M. (2024). Web weavers or leisure seekers? Attitudes toward leisure from the perspective of social media addiction, fear of missing out and sense of belonging. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 5(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v5i2.250
  • Argan, M. T., Koçak, F., Gürbüz, B., Argan, M., & Dinç, H. (2024). Exploring the relationships among fear of missing out (FoMO), sensation seeking and leisure activity participation. World Leisure Journal, 66(2), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2244452
  • Ayar, D., & Bektas, M. (2021). The effect of problematic internet use and digital game addiction in adolescents on nomophobia levels. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(2), 1081.
  • Bacaksız, F. E., Tuna, R., & Alan, H. (2022). Nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out in nursing students: A cross-sectional study in distance education. Nurse education today, 118, 105523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105523
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  • Beyens, I., Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in human behavior, 64, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083
  • Boudreau, K., & Consalvo, M. (2014) Families and social network games. Information, Communication & Society, 17(9): 1118-1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.882964
  • Boyle, E. A., Connolly, T. M., Hainey, T., & Boyle, J. M. (2012). Engagement in digital entertainment games: A systematic review. Computers in human behavior, 28(3), 771-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.020
  • Braña Sánchez, Á. J., & Moral Jiménez, M. D. L. V. (2023). Nomophobia and fomo in the use of smartphone in young people: the role of anxiety to be connected. Health and Addictions/salud y drogas. 23(1), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v23i1.707
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  • Çatıker, A., Büyüksoy, G. D. B., & Özdil, K. (2022). Correlation between nomophobia, fear of missing out and academic success. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 23(3), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1015083
  • De Francisco, L. R., López-Sintas, J., & García-Álvarez, E. (2016). Social leisure in the digital age. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 39(2): 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2016.1198598
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The Paradox of Freedom, Fear and Dependence: Are Digital Leisure Participation Purposes a Predictor of Fear of Missing Out and Nomophobia?

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 250 - 271, 28.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1652924

Öz

Technological developments in recent years have enabled individuals to participate in digital leisure activities for different purposes. This situation can have negative consequences when the duration and frequency cannot be controlled in terms of time management. The aim of this study is to test the effects of digital leisure participation purposes on fear of missing out and nomophobia. In line with the model created, it was aimed to test the effects of digital leisure participation purposes on fear of missing out and nomophobia; and the effect of fear of missing out on nomophobia. The relational screening model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. 363 females (%69.1) and 162 males (%30.9) were included in the study, where university students constituted the sample group. Pearson Correlation test was applied in order to test the relationship between the concepts. CFA and SEM were used to test the research model. When the findings obtained in the study were examined, positive relationships were determined between digital leisure participation purposes, fear of missing out and nomophobia. Digital leisure participation purposes are predictors of fear of missing out and nomophobia. In addition, it was concluded that the fear of missing out directly affects nomophobia. The results obtained are discussed in the discussion section together with other studies in the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Akçakese, A., & Demirel, M. (2024). Web weavers or leisure seekers? Attitudes toward leisure from the perspective of social media addiction, fear of missing out and sense of belonging. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 5(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v5i2.250
  • Argan, M. T., Koçak, F., Gürbüz, B., Argan, M., & Dinç, H. (2024). Exploring the relationships among fear of missing out (FoMO), sensation seeking and leisure activity participation. World Leisure Journal, 66(2), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2244452
  • Ayar, D., & Bektas, M. (2021). The effect of problematic internet use and digital game addiction in adolescents on nomophobia levels. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(2), 1081.
  • Bacaksız, F. E., Tuna, R., & Alan, H. (2022). Nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out in nursing students: A cross-sectional study in distance education. Nurse education today, 118, 105523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105523
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1): 74–94.
  • Beyens, I., Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in human behavior, 64, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083
  • Boudreau, K., & Consalvo, M. (2014) Families and social network games. Information, Communication & Society, 17(9): 1118-1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.882964
  • Boyle, E. A., Connolly, T. M., Hainey, T., & Boyle, J. M. (2012). Engagement in digital entertainment games: A systematic review. Computers in human behavior, 28(3), 771-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.020
  • Braña Sánchez, Á. J., & Moral Jiménez, M. D. L. V. (2023). Nomophobia and fomo in the use of smartphone in young people: the role of anxiety to be connected. Health and Addictions/salud y drogas. 23(1), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v23i1.707
  • Cambridge Sözlük, 2025. Fear of missing out https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/sözlük/ingilizce/fomo adresinden 9.1.2025 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Carnicelli, S., McGillivray, D., & McPherson, G. (2016). Digital leisure cultures: Critical perspectives. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Creswell, J. W., ve Creswell, J. D. (2021). Araştırma tasarımı: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. (Çev. Ed. Engin Karadağ). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
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  • De Francisco, L. R., López-Sintas, J., & García-Álvarez, E. (2016). Social leisure in the digital age. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 39(2): 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2016.1198598
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  • Hodkinson, C. (2019). ‘Fear of Missing Out’(FOMO) marketing appeals: A conceptual model. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25(1), 65-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2016.1234504
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  • Karaoglan Yilmaz, F. G., Yilmaz, R., & Erdogdu, F. (2023). The relationship between nomophobia, emotional intelligence, interpersonal problem-solving, perceived stress, and self-esteem among undergraduate students. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 8(1), 27-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41347-022-00282-2
  • King, A. L. S., Valenca, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?. Computers in human behavior, 29(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025
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  • Lenny, D. J., Doleck, T., & Bazelais, P. (2019). Self-Determination, Loneliness, Fear of Missing Out, and Academic Performance. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 11(4), 485-496. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2019.11.025
  • Li, L., Griffiths, M. D., Niu, Z., & Mei, S. (2020). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and gaming disorder among Chinese university students: Impulsivity and game time as mediators. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 41(12), 1104-1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1774018
  • Li, L., Niu, Z., Griffiths, M. D., & Mei, S. (2021a). Relationship between gaming disorder, self-compensation motivation, game flow, time spent gaming, and fear of missing out among a sample of Chinese university students: A network analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 761519. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.761519
  • Li, L., Griffiths, M. D., Mei, S., & Niu, Z. (2021b). The mediating role of impulsivity and the moderating role of gender between fear of missing out and gaming disorder among a sample of Chinese university students. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 24(8), 550-557. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0283
  • Meier, J. V., Noel, J. A. & Kaspar, K. (2021). Alone together: computer-mediated communication in leisure time during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 666655. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666655
  • Mir, R., & Akhtar, M. (2020). Effect of nomophobia on the anxiety levels of undergraduate students. JPMA, 70(9), 1492-1497. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.31286
  • Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., López-Belmonte, J., Romero-Rodríguez, J. M., & Rodríguez-García, A. M. (2020). Nomophobia: impact of cell phone use and time to rest among teacher students. Heliyon, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04084
  • Neumann, D. (2020). Fear of Missing Out. In The International Encyclopedia of media psychology (J. Bulck Ed., pp. 1-9). USA: Wiley.
  • Notara, V., Vagka, E., Gnardellis, C., & Lagiou, A. (2021). The emerging phenomenon of nomophobia in young adults: A systematic review study. Addiction & health, 13(2), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.22122/ahj.v13i2.309
  • Okur, S., Bulut, Ö. A., & Çınar, S. E. (2022). The mediating role of social media usage habits in the relationship between FoMO and nomophobia. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 15(1), 126-145. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.929847
  • Oxford Sözlük, 2025. Fear of missing out https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?scope=Entries&q=fomo adresinden 9.1.2025 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Öz, N. D., & Erdoğdu, M. (2023). Phone use in leisure time in university students the relationship between nomophobia and digital game addiction. International Journal Of Education Technology And Scientific Researches, 8(23), 1874-1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.35826/ijetsar.635
  • Özsavran, M., Ayyıldız, T., ve Denizer, A. (2023). Üniversite öğrencilerinin telefonla oyun oynama alışkanlıklarının nomofobi düzeyi ve uykululuk durumuna etkisi. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 13(3), 465-474. https://doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.1318302
  • Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in human behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
  • Ramos-Soler, I., López-Sánchez, C., & Quiles-Soler, C. (2021). Nomophobia in teenagers: digital lifestyle, social networking and smartphone abuse. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.34.4.17-32
  • Rodríguez-García, A. M., Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., & Lopez Belmonte, J. (2020). Nomophobia: An individual’s growing fear of being without a smartphone—a systematic literature review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(2), 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020580
  • Rodríguez Elizalde, R. (2022). Nomophobia and FOMO Syndrome: Are they 21st century occupational diseases?. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Studys. Stud. 5(5). PPRS. 000625. https://doi.org/10.31031/PPRS.2022.05.000625
  • Rojas de Francisco, L., López-Sintas, J., & García-Álvarez, E. (2016). Social leisure in the digital age. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 39(2), 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2016.1198598
  • Schumacker, E. & Lomax, G. (2016). A Beginner’s Guide To Structural Equation Modelling. (4th Edt). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Seçer, İ. (2017). SPSS ve LISREL ile Pratik Veri Analizi, Analiz ve Raporlaştırma. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Sever, M., & Özdemir, S. (2022). Stress and entertainment motivation are related to problematic smartphone use: Fear of missing out as a mediator. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5152/ADDICTA.2021.21067
  • Sharaievska, I. (2017). Updating the family operating system: A literature review of information communication technology and family leisure. Leisure Sciences, 39(5): 400-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2017.1333058
  • Sintas, J. L., De Francisco, L. R. & Álvarez, E. G. (2015). The nature of leisure revisited: An interpretation of digital leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(1): 79-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950352
  • Stollfuß, S. (2020). Communitainment on Instagram: Fitness content and community-driven communication as social media entertainment. SAGE Open, 10(2):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440209195
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  • Tams, S., Legoux, R., & Léger, P. M. (2018). Smartphone withdrawal creates stress: A moderated mediation model of nomophobia, social threat, and phone withdrawal context. Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.026
  • Tanhan, F., Özok, H. İ., & Tayiz, V. (2022). Fear of missing out (FoMO): A current review. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 14(1), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.942431
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  • Yildirim, C., Sumuer, E., Adnan, M., & Yildirim, S. (2016). A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Information Development, 32(5), 1322–1331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666915599025
  • Wahyuni, S. (2022). Nomophobia (No MObile PHone PhoBIA) Among Medical Students: A Literature Review. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, 2(3), 48-51. https://doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v2i3.285
  • Wang, G., & Suh, A. (2018, April, 21-26). Disorder or driver? The effects of nomophobia on work-related outcomes in organizations. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-12). Montreal, Canada. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173624
  • Wang, L., Yan, S., Wang, Y., Qiu, J., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Do mobile social media undermine our romantic relationships? The influence of fear-of-missing-out on young people’s romantic relationships. In Proceedings of ISIC: the information behaviour conference, Berlin, Germany, 26-29 September, 2022. Information Research, 27(Special issue), isic2231. https://doi.org/10.47989/irisic2231
  • Wen, J., Huang, Y., Liu, G., & Miao, M. (2023). The nature of nomophobia and its associations with contents of smartphone use and fear of missing out: A network perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 82, 102011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.102011
  • We Are Social, Digital 2025 Global Overview Report, 2025. https://wearesocial.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/GDR-2025-v2.pdf adresinden 11.6.2025 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Wolniewicz, C. A., Tiamiyu, M. F., Weeks, J. W., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). Problematic smartphone use and relations with negative affect, fear of missing out, and fear of negative and positive evaluation. Psychiatry research, 262, 618-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.058
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor ve Rekreasyon
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Batuhan Er 0000-0002-4269-4149

Recep Cengız 0000-0003-4097-2237

Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Haziran 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Er, B., & Cengız, R. (2025). The Paradox of Freedom, Fear and Dependence: Are Digital Leisure Participation Purposes a Predictor of Fear of Missing Out and Nomophobia? Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 8(2), 250-271. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1652924

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Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY-NC 4.0 .


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