Genç Sağlıklı Sporcularda Diz Ekstansör Eksantrik Antrenmanlarının Dinamik Denge ve Hamstring/Quadriceps Oranına Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, genç atletlere uygulanan izonertiyel antrenman programının dinamik denge ve bacak gücü üzerindeki etkilerinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 51 sporcu katıldı (n=24, Çalışma Grubu (ÇG); n=27, Kontrol Grubu (KG), ÇG'deki 24 sporcuya ısınma programlarının yanı sıra alt ekstremiteleri için izonertiyal antrenman programı uygulanırken, KG'deki sporlara ek bir antrenman müdahalesi yapılmadı. ÇG ve KG sporcularının pre-post testleri kapsamında, H/Q oranını belirlemek amacıyla sporcuların vücut kitle indeksleri, dinamik denge ölçümleri ve Hamstring (H) ile Quadriceps (Q) kas güçleri elde taşınabilir bir dinamometre kullanılarak ölçüldü. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda grupların ön test ve son test değerlendirmelerinde, CG sporcularında ön test ve son test parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken (p˃0.05), SG sporcularında sağ bacak H/Q (p=0.01), sol bacak H/Q (p=0.04), sağ bacak Y dengesi (p=0.01) ve sol bacak Y dengesi (p=0.04) parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar bulunmuştur. (p˂0.05). Çalışma ve kontrol gruplarındaki sporcuların ön ve son test farkları incelendiğinde, SG'deki sporcular lehine y-balance sağ bacak değişim farkı (p=0.00), y-balance sol bacak değişim farkı (p=0.02), sağ bacak quadriceps değişim farkı (p=0.00), sağ bacak hamstring değişim farkı (p=0.00), sol bacak quadriceps değişim farkı (p=0.04) ve sol bacak hamstring değişim farkı (p=0.01) parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iyileşme bulunurken, gruplar arasındaki sol bacak ve sağ bacak H/Q oranlarındaki değişim farkları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişim bulunmamıştır (p˃0.05). Sonuç olarak, eksantrik antrenman özellikle hamstring kas grubunda etkili olmakla birlikte, quadriceps kas grubunda da etkilidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eksantrik
• Kuvvet
• Dinamik Denge
• Hamstring
• Quadriceps

Effects of Knee Extensor Eccentric Training on Dynamic Balance and Hamstring/Quadriceps Ratio in Young Healthy Athletes

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to measure the effects of the isoinertial training program applied to young athletes on their dynamic balance and leg strength. 51 athletes participated in the study (n=24, Study Group (SG); n=27, Control Group (CG), while 24 athletes in SG were applied an isoinertial training program for their lower extremities in addition to warm-up programs, no additional training intervention was made to CG athletes. Within the scope of pre-post tests of both SG and CG athletes, body mass indexes, dynamic balance measurements, and Hamstring (H) and Quadriceps (Q) muscle strengths of athletes were measured using a hand-held dynamometer to determine the H/Q ratio. In the evaluation of the pre- and post-tests of the groups in line with the obtained data, no statistically significant difference was found in pre- and post-test parameters in CG athletes (p˃0.05), while statistically significant results were found in right leg H/Q (p=0.01), left leg H/Q (p=0.04), right leg Y balance (p=0.01), and left leg Y balance (p=0.04) parameters in SG athletes. (p<0.05). When the pre- and post-test differences between the groups of the athletes in the study and control groups were examined, statistically significant improvement was found in favor of the athletes in the SG, in the parameters of y-balance right leg change difference (p=0.00), y-balance left leg change difference (p=0.02), right leg quadriceps change difference (p=0.00), right leg hamstring change difference (p=0.00), left leg quadriceps change difference (p=0.04), and left leg hamstring change difference (p=0.01), while no statistically significant change was found between the change differences between the groups in the left leg and right leg H/Q ratios (p˃0.05). In conclusion, eccentric training is particularly effective on the hamstring muscle group, but it is also effective on the quadriceps muscle group.

Keywords

• Eccentric
• Strength
• Dynamic Balance
• Hamstring
• Quadriceps

Kaynakça

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