Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyleri, Beslenme ve Egzersiz Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin beslenme bilgi düzeyleri, beslenme ve egzersiz davranışları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi ve çıkan sonuçların değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2024-2025 eğitim öğretim yılında Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören Erkek-Kadın toplam 502 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Beslenme-Egzersiz Davranış Ölçeği, Yurt ve Yıldız (2016) tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Bu ölçek 5’li likert tipi olup bu ölçekte toplamda 45 madde vardır. Ölçeğin orijinal çalışmasında Cronbach Alpha katsayısının. 85 olduğu saptanmıştır. Ölçek alt boyutlarında ise Cronbach Alfa değerleri sırayla Psikolojik (Bağımlı) Yeme Davranışı; 61, Sağlıklı Beslenme-Egzersiz Davranışı; .62, Sağlıksız Beslenme-Egzersiz Davranışı; .68 ve Öğün Düzeni; .73 olarak bulunmuştur (Yurt & Yıldız, 2016). BEDÖ ve alt boyutları toplam puanlarının normallik sınaması için Kolmogorov-Smirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk normallik testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki test için de hem BEDÖ hem de alt boyutlarına ilişkin test p-değerleri 0.05’ten küçüktür. Sonuç olarak Psikolojik (Bağımlı) Yeme Davranışı ile Sağlıklı Beslenme-Egzersiz Davranışı ve Öğün Düzeni alt boyut toplam puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilememiştir. Psikolojik (Bağımlı) Yeme Davranışı ile Sağlıksız Beslenme-Egzersiz Davranışı alt boyut toplam puanları arasında ise pozitif yönlü güçlü bir ilişki vardır. Bireyin Psikolojik (Bağımlı) Yeme Davranışı ve Sağlıksız Beslenme-Egzersiz Davranışı aynı anda artma veya azalma eğilimindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health
• Nutrition
• Activity

Examination of the Relationships Between Nutritional Knowledge Levels and Nutritional and Exercise Behaviors of University Students

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between university students' nutritional knowledge levels and their nutritional and exercise behaviours, and to evaluate the results. The sample of the study consists of a total of 502 male and female students enrolled at Osmaniye Korkut Ata University in the 2024-2025 academic year. The Nutrition-Exercise Behaviour Scale was developed by Yurt and Yıldız (2016). This scale is a 5-point Likert scale with a total of 45 items. In the original study of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.85. In the sub-dimensions of the scale, Cronbach's alpha values were found to be 0.61 for Psychological (Dependent) Eating Behaviour, 0.62 for Healthy Eating-Exercise Behaviour, 0.68 for Unhealthy Eating-Exercise Behaviour, and 0.73 for Meal Regularity (Yurt & Yıldız, 2016). Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests were performed to test the normality of the total scores of BEDÖ and its subscales. For both tests, the p-values for both BEDÖ and its subscales were less than 0.05. As a result, no significant relationship was found between the total scores of the Psychological (Addictive) Eating Behaviour subscale and the Healthy Eating-Exercise Behaviour and Meal Schedule subscales. However, there was a strong positive relationship between the total scores of the Psychological (Addictive) Eating Behaviour subscale and the Unhealthy Eating-Exercise Behaviour subscale. An individual's Psychological (Addictive) Eating Behaviour and Unhealthy Nutrition-Exercise Behaviour tend to increase or decrease simultaneously.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık,
• Beslenme,
• Fiziksel Aktivite

Kaynakça

1. Aksoydan, E., & Çakır, N. (2011). Evaluation of nutrition habits, physical activity levels and body mass ındexes of adolescents. Gülhane Medical Journal, 53, 264-270
2. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. (1998). Quantity and quality of exercise recommended to improve and maintain cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and flexibility in healthy adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30, 975-991.
3. Aslan, Ş. (2019). The effect of pilates on body composition in women. Inonu University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 6(1), 24-35.
4. Beaudry, K. M., Ludwa, I. A., Thomas, A. M., Ward, W. E., Falk, B., & Josse, A. R. (2019). First-year university is associated with greater body weight, body composition and adverse dietary changes in males than females. PloS one, 14(7), e0218554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218554
5. Bek, N. (2008). Physical activity ınformation service. T.C. Ministry of Health. Ankara.
6. Blacklock, R. E., Rhodes, R. E., & Brown, S. G., (2007). The relationship between regular walking, physical activity and health-related quality of life. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 4, 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.4.2.138
7. Bulut, S. (2013). A social determinant of health; physical activity. Turkish Journal of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 70(4), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.5505/TurkHijyen.2013.67442
8. Chen, H., & Jackson, T. (2008). Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder endorsements among adolescents and young adults from China. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 16(5), 375-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.837

9. Çimen, S. (2003). Development of the scale of risky health behaviors in 15-18 age group youth. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Istanbul University. Institute of Health Sciences.
10. Dalbudak, I., & Yiğit, Ş. (2019). Evaluation of healthy lifestyle behaviors of B2-B3 visually ımpaired people doing sports. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 5(12), 84-98.
11. Devran, B. S., (2014), Determination of nutrition habits and eating attitudes and behaviors of adolescents and adults living in eastern anatolia region. Master's Thesis, Başkent University, Ankara.
12. Ekeland, E., Heian, F., Hagen, K. B., Abbott, J., & Nordheim, L. (2004). Exercise to improve self-esteem in children and young people. The Cochrane Database Syst Rev., (1), CD003683. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003683.pub2
13. Ermiş, E. Doğan, E. Erilli, N., & Satıcı, A. (2015). Investigation of nutrition habits of university students: The case of Ondokuz Mayis University. Journal of Sport and Performance Research, 6(1), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.67561
14. Ersoy. G, (2012). Nutrition for Exercise and Sports People. Ankara: Nobel.
15. Fişne M. (2009). Investigation of the effects of level of participation in physical activities on academic achievements, communication skills and life satisfaction of university students. Master's Thesis. Erciyes University, Kayseri.
16. Genç, M. E., Eğri, M., Kurçer, M. A., Kaya, M., Pehlivan, E., Karaoğlu, L., & Güneş, G. (2002). Frequency of physical activity in bank employees in Malatya city center. Journal of Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, 9(4), 237-240.
17. Hootman, K. C., Guertin, K. A., & Cassano, P. A. (2017). Longitudinal changes in anthropometry and body composition in university freshmen. Journal of American college health, 65(4), 268-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1280498
18. İnbaşı, E. G., Yıldız, N. N., & Çelik, A. (2023). Determination of nutrition knowledge level and exercise beliefs in academicians. Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 8(1), 43-50.
19. Kıran, Z., Mülazımoğlu, Ö., & İlhan, A. (2019). Time management skills of university students according to their physical activity status. Spormetre, 17(3), 237-244.
20. MacAuley, D. (1994) Physical activity, health and the history of medicine. J. R. Soc. Med., 87, 32-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689408700114
21. Menteş, E., Menteş, B., & Karacabey, K. (2011). Obesity and exercise in adolescence. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(2), 963-977.
22. Özkan, A. (2018). Determination of energy and nutrient intakes (eating habits), healthy lifestyle behaviors and physical activity levels of classroom teachers and prospective classroom teachers. Master's thesis, Bartin University, Turkey.
23. Savcı, S., Öztürk, M., Arıkan, H., İnce, D. İ., & Tokgözoğlu, L., (2006). Physical activity levels of university students. Turkish Society of Cardiology Archives, 34, 166-172.
24. Strath, S. J., Kaminsky, L. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Ekelund, U., Freedson, P. S., Gary, R. A., & Swartz, A. M., (2013). Guide to the assessment of physical activity: Clinical and research applications A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation, 128(20), 2259-2279. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000435708.67487.da
25. Suna, G., Karatay, G., Pepe, O., & Arısoy, A. (2024). Sosyal görünüş kaygısı ile beslenme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişki. Socıal Mentalıty And Researcher Thınkers Journal (Smart Journal), 9(78), 5422-5427. https://doi.org/10.29228/smryj.73947
26. Şanlı E., (2008). Physical activity level in teachers-age, gender and body mass index relationship. Master's Degree. Gazi University, Ankara, 2008.
27. Şanlıer, N., Konaklıoğlu, E., & Güçer, E. (2009). The relationship between nutritional knowledge, habits and behaviors of young people and body mass indexes. Gazi University Gazi Education Faculty Journal, 29(2), 333-352. https://dergipark. org.tr/en/pub/gefad/issue/6744/90674.
28. Şanli, E., & Güzel, N. A. (2009). Physical activity level-age, gender and body mass index relationship in teachers. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (Gazi BESBD), XIV(3), 23-32.
29. T.C. Ministry of Health Public Health Agency of Turkey. (2014). Turkey physical activity guide (2nd Edition). Ankara: Kuban Matbaacılık Publishing.
30. Tayar, M., Haşıl Korkmaz, N., & Özkeleş, E. (2017). Principles of nutrition (4th edition). Bursa: Dora.
31. Telama, R. (2009). Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood: A review. Obes Facts, 2, 187-95. https://doi.org/10.1159/000222244
32. Wald, A. (2010). Realization of key health-promoting behaviors with self-rated health and academic performance in college students. Doctoral dissertation, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, ProQuest.
33. Yahia, N., Brown, C. A., Rapley, M., & Chung, M. (2016). Level of nutrition knowledge and its association with fat consumption among college students. BMC Public Health, 16, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3728-z
34. Yardımcı, H., & Özçelik, A. Ö. (2015). Meal patterns of university students and the effect of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge. Journal of Nutrition and Diet, 43(1), 19-26.
35. Yaşar, İ., Ozanözü, Z., Horzum, E., Göktaş, E., Karaodul, G., Çobanoğlu, N., Pekcan, G., Özcan, C., Çakır, B., Nişancı, F., Aşan, F., Çetin, N., & Demiray, S. (2008). Healthy nutrition, in D. Akalın, E. Göktaş, E. Horzum, G. Karaodul, N. Çobanoğlu (Eds.), T.C. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Education Training Guide for Educators Nutrition Modules (p. 16), Ankara. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Health Statistics Yearbook, SB-SAGEM- 2015/2, Ankara, 2015.
36. Zorba, E. (2006). Body structure measurement methods and dealing with fatness. Istanbul: Morpa Culture Publications.