Start Phase in Swimming Sport: Biomechanical Approach

Öz

In swimming, it is aimed that the swimmer will complete the distance in the shortest time possible by evaluating the performance in a time interval smaller than centiseconds, such as. In the exit, style swimming, turning and finishing stages; The performance of the starting stage causes significant changes in the athlete's score by affecting other stages. In short-distance races, the exit stage covers almost half the time of swimming. Especially in the analysis of the athletes in the short distance Olympic races, it was seen that the first 15m exit stage greatly affected the score and changed the medal boiler. In order to improve performance, forces affecting the three stages of the exit biomechanics: block, flight and underwater should be evaluated separately. By enabling the athlete to go further during the flight phase of the moment produced in the block stage, the athlete is subjected to less wave and turbulence force with early transition in the underwater stage. Thus, after these stages affecting each other, after the first 15 m when the swimming style begins, the swimmer provides an advantage in terms of time and speed. Reaction time affecting the performance of the swimmer, pushing force created in the block, stability of the body in flight stage, surface tension force during water entry, friction force underwater, drag force, turbulence and wave force are not discussed in many studies, biomechanic analysis of pressure difference force is difficult in compaison to other sports branches (compared to those made on land). Therefore, there are studies in the literature that evaluate several parameters instead of studies containing all parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dynamics of the stages within a whole framework and to create a perspective in improving the performance of the athlete.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Swimming
• Sport
• Biomechanics
• Start

Yüzme Sporunda Çıkış aşaması: Biyomekaniksel Yaklaşım

Öz

Yüzme sporunda santisaniye gibi saniyeden daha küçük zaman aralığında performans değerlendirilerek yüzücünün en kısa sürede mesafeyi tamamlaması amaçlanmaktadır. Çıkış, stil yüzme, dönme ve bitirme aşamalarında; çıkış aşamasının performansı diğer aşamalara etki ederek sporcunun skorunda önemli değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. Özellikle kısa mesafeli olimpiyat yarışlarındaki sporcuların analizlerinde ilk 15 m’lik çıkış aşamasının skoru büyük oranda etkilediği ve madalya kazanı değiştirdiği görülmüştür. Performansı artırmak için çıkış biyomekaniğinin üç aşaması olan blok, uçuş ve su altını etkileyen kuvvetler ayrı ayrı öneme sahiptir. Blok aşamasında üretilen momentin uçuş aşamasında sporcunun daha ileriye gitmesini sağlayarak sualtı aşamasında erken geçiş ile sporcu daha az dalga ve türbülans kuvvetine maruz kalmaktadır. Böylelikle çıkış aşamasında 15 m’lik mesafede sporcu zaman ve hız bakımından avantaj sağlayarak yüzme aşamasına daha hızlı geçmektedir. Yüzücünün performansını etkileyen çıkış biyomekaniğinde; reaksiyon zamanı, blokta oluşturulan itme kuvveti, uçuş aşamasındaki vücudun stabilitesi, suya giriş sırasında yüzey gerilim kuvveti, sualtında sürtünme kuvveti, sürükleme kuvveti, türbülans ve dalga kuvveti birçok çalışmada ele alındığı basınç farkı kuvvetinin ise biyomekanik analizini yapmak diğer spor branşlarına göre (karada yapılanlara göre) daha zor olduğu literatürde yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle literatürde tüm parametreleri içeren çalışmalar yerine birkaç parametreyi değerlendiren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı aşamaların kendi içinde dinamiklerinin değerlendirilerek bütün bir çerçevede ele alınması ve sporcunun performansını geliştirmede bakış açısı oluşturmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyomekanik
• Çıkış
• Spor
• Yüzme

Kaynakça

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