Tiroit Hormonları ve Hastalıkları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 28 - 40, 28.06.2019

Zafer Durgun Cemşah Yazıcı Ali Osman İnan

Öz

Genel metabolik etkiye sahip olan tiroit hormonlarının
(tiroksin, triiyodotironin), perifer hedef dokuda etkisinin azalması
hipotiroidizm olarak adlandırılırken, tiroit bezi ya da
ektratiroidal kaynaklı olarak fazla miktarda salgılanması ile karakterize
tabloya ise hipertiroidizm denilmektedir. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaygın olarak
hipotiroidizm oluşumundaki en büyük etken iyot yetersizliğidir. Nitekim, Dünya
Sağlık Örgütü (WHO, 2007) verilerine göre, dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık üçte biri
50µg’ın altında iyot almakta ve bu durum nörojenik kretinizm, mental gerilik,
guatr ve hipotiroidizme yol açmaktadır. Hipertiroidizmin ise genellikle, iyot
bakımından yeterli bölgelerde bilinçsizce iyotlama çalışmaları sonucu ortaya
çıktığı vurgulanmaktadır (Vanderpump, 2011). Türkiye’de de Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD, 2015), okul çağındaki çocukların %28.7’sinin iyot
yetersizliği ile karşı karşıya olduğunu, kırsal kesimdeki çocukları iyot
yetersizliği tehdit ederken, kentlerdekilerde tirotoksikozise yol açabilecek
kadar yüksek miktarda iyot alımına dikkat çekmiştir.

Dolayısıyla,
tiroit hormon metabolizmasına ait bozukluklar halen önemli bir sorun olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede, halen önemli fizyolojik problemlere yol
açan tiroit hormonlarının metabolizmasına ait bozukluklar son bilgiler ışığında
özetlenerek, toplu bir bilgi sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tiroid, Hipotiroidizm, Hipertiroidizm, Guatr, Tiroid Hastalıkları

Thyroid Hormones and Diseases

Öz

Hypothyroidism,
which is caused by the small secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine,
triiodothyronine), which have general metabolic effects, is also called
hyperthyroidism with excessive secretion from thyroid gland or extrathyroidal
origin. Iodine deficiency in the world and is the biggest factor in the
widespread occurrence of hypothyroidism in Turkey. In fact, according to World
Health Organization (WHO 2007) data, approximately one third of the world
population receives iodine below 50µg, leading to neurogenic crestinism, mental
retardation, goiter and hypothyroidism. It is emphasized that hyperthyroidism
generally arises as a result of unconsciously iodizing studies in regions
sufficient for iodine (Vanderpump, 2011). Turkey also Endocrinology and Metabolism
Society (TEMD, 2015), children of school age is faced with the iodine
deficiency 28.7%, while threatening children with iodine deficiency in rural
areas, drew attention to the reception of iodine intake enough to cause urban
area thyrotoxicosis.

Thus,
disorders of thyroid hormone metabolism are still an important problem. In this
review, it is aimed to summarize the disorders of the metabolism of thyroid
hormones, which still cause important physiological problems, in the light of
the latest information and to present a collective information.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Thyroid, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Goiter, Thyroid Disease

Kaynakça

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