An Examination of Cases of Drowning in Water in Sinop Province

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 149 - 161, 28.06.2020

Alkan Uğurlu

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.742865

Öz

The water environment offers a wide range of opportunities for people to have fun, organize activities for sports and recreation. The water environment is not an environment in which people can survive. But the buoyancy and the physical properties of the human make it possible to float on the surface of the water without sinking. Drowning in water; is a chain of events that starts with respiratory inhibition caused by sinking in the water environment and ends with complete cessation. Drowning can be considered as an important problem within the scope of public health. The number of people who lost their lives by drowning in a year is estimated to be around a thousand in Turkey. The aim of this study is to examine the deaths caused by drowning in the province of Sinop in terms of the number of people drowning on a yearly basis, the reasons for being there, the demographic characteristics of these people, how the drowning took place and the environment in which drowning events took place. In this research, online search engines were crawled with the following keywords, "drowned in the sea", "drowned in the water", "dropped into the water and drowned", "victim saved but savior drowned ", "couldn’t save and drowned", "drowned while swimming" etc. and news about drowning were collected on a daily basis based on the date of 01.01.2005 and 31.12.2016. In the light of the information obtained from these news, the information of the people who drowned, the place of the drowning event, the reasons for being at the scene of the incident, the water environment, etc. were recorded. The analysis of the data was carried out with the SPSS 21 package program and 2 of the descriptive statistical methods, frequency and percentage tests were used. As a result, the number of people who died by drowning in the city of Sinop in 12 years was determined to be 64. Swimming and water safety training should be provided from a young age in order to prevent deaths as a result of drowning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drowning, Water Safety, Swimming education, Recreational activities, Sinop

Sinop İlinde Suda Boğulma Vakalarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Su ortamı, insanlara eğlenceli vakit geçirebilecekleri, sportif amaçlı ve rekreasyonel etkinlikler düzenleyebilecekleri çok çeşitli imkânlar sunmaktadır. Su ortamı; insanların içerisinde yaşamlarını sürdürebilecekleri bir ortam değildir. Fakat suyun kaldırma gücü ve insanın fiziksel özellikleri, insanın batmadan suyun yüzeyinde durmasını sağlar. Suda boğulma; su ortamı içerisinde batmadan kaynaklanan solunum engellenmesi ile başlayan ve tamamen kesilmesi ile sonuçlanan bir olaylar zinciridir. Halk sağlığı kapsamında boğulma önemli bir problem olarak değerlendirilebilir. Net bir rakam olmamakla birlikte, Türkiye’de genelinde her yıl boğularak hayatını kaybeden insanların sayısının bin civarında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Sinop ilinde, suda boğulma sonucunda meydana gelen ölümleri yıl bazında boğulan kişilerin sayıları, ne sebeple ilgili ortamda bulundukları, bu kişilerin demografik özellikleri, boğulmaların gerçekleşme şekilleri ile boğulma olaylarının yaşandığı ortam açısından incelemektir. Bu araştırmada çevrimiçi arama motorlarında şu anahtar kelimelerle tarama yapılmış, “denizde boğuldu”, “suda boğuldu”, “suya düştü boğuldu”, “kurtardı boğuldu”, “kurtaramadı boğuldu”, “yüzerken boğuldu” vb. ve boğulma ile ilgili haberler 01.01.2005 ile 31.12.2016 tarih aralığı baz alınarak günlük olarak toplanmıştır. Bu haberlerden elden edilen bilgiler ışığında boğulan kişilerin bilgileri, boğulma olayının gerçekleştiği yer, olay yerinde bulunma sebepleri, su ortamı vb. veriler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 21 paket programı ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve tanımlayıcı istatistik yöntemlerden frekans ve yüzde testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak 12 yılda Sinop ilinde suda boğularak hayatını kaybeden kişi sayısı 64 olarak belirlenmiştir. Boğulma sonucu ölümlerin önüne geçilebilmeis için küçük yaşlardan itibaren yüzme ve su güvenliği eğitimi verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suda Boğulma, Su güvenliği, Yüzme eğitimi, Rekreasyonel Aktivite, Sinop

Kaynakça

• Brenner, R. A. (2002). Childhood drowning is a global concern. BMJ, 324(7345), 1049–1050. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7345.1049
• Chauvin, M., Kosatsky, T., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., Gamache, P., Smargiassi, A., & Auger, N. (2019). Hot weather and risk of drowning in children: Opportunity for prevention. Preventive Medicine, 105885. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105885
• Clemens, T., Tamim, H., Rotondi, M., et al., (2016). A population based study of drowning in Canada. BMC Public Health 16, 559. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3221-8.
• Death statistics province and district centers (2008) (pp.84). Ankara, Turkey: Printing Division.
• Gupta, M., Zwi, A.B. & Jagnoor, J. (2020). Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs. BMC Public Health 20, 704 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08868-2
• Haagsma JA, Graetz N, Bolliger I, et al. (2016). The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013. Inj Prev;22:3–18.
• Jessula, S., Asbridge, M., Romao, R., Green, R., & Yanchar, N. L. (2019). Where to Start? Injury Prevention Priority Scores in Canadian Children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.01.030
• Kiakalayeh, A. D., Mohammadi, R., Ekman, D. S., Chabok, S. Y., & Janson, B. (2008). Unintentional drowning in northern Iran: A population-based study. Accident Analysis & Prevention,40(6), 1977–1981. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.08.008.
• Luber, G., McGeehin, M. (2008). Climate change and extreme heat events. Am. J. Prev. Med. 35, 429–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.021.
• Markarian T, Loundou A, Heyer V, Marimoutou C, Borghese L, Coulange M, Michelet P, (2020), Drowning classification: a reappraisal of clinical presentation and prognosis for severe cases, CHEST doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.035.
• Meddings D, Hyder AA, Ozanne-Smith J, Rahman A. (2014). Global report on drowning: preventing a leading killer. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization;
• Meehl, G.A., Tebaldi, C., 2004. More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century. Science 305, 994–997. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1098704.
• Nguyen, H., Ivers, R. Q., Pham, C., & Jagnoor, J. (2019). Trends of drowning mortality in Vietnam: evidence from the national injury mortality surveillance system. Injury Prevention, injury prev–2018–043030. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043030
• Orhan İ., Turgut A. (2018), The Investigation of Multiple Drowning Cases. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, Vol.VIII/1, 275-283 DOI: 10.13114/MJH.2018.397
• Peden M.M., McGee K., (2003). The Epidemiology of Drowning Worldwide, Inj Control Saf Promot. Dec;10(4):195-9. doi: 10.1076/icsp.10.4.195.16772.
• Rahman A, Mashreky SR, Chowdhury SM, et al. (2009). Analysis of the childhood fatal drowning situation in Bangladesh: exploring prevention measures for low-income countries. Inj Prev;15:75–9.
• Rahman, A., Giashuddin, S. M., Svanström, L., & Rahman, F. (2006). Drowning – a major but neglected child health problem in rural Bangladesh: implications for low income countries. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 13(2), 101–105. doi:10.1080/17457300500172941
• Rein DB, Wilkinson JD, Vijayakumar L, et al. (2012). Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 380, 2095–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
• Shinsugi, C., Stickley, A., Konishi, S., et al., (2015). Seasonality of child and adolescent injury mortality in Japan, 2000–2010. Environ. Health Prev. Med. 20, 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-014-0421-7.
• Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. (2016). Dealing with the neglected public health issue of drowning in low-resource settings. Indian J Crit Care Med 20:433-4.
• Suominen, P., Baillie, C., Korpela, R., et al., (2002). Impact of age, submersion time and water temperature on outcome in near-drowning. Resuscitation 52, 247–254.
• Szpilman D, Webber J, Quan L, Bierens J, Morizot-Leite L, Langendorfer SJ, Beerman S, Løfgren B. (2014). Creating a drowning chain of survival. Resuscitation 85(9): 1149-1152.
• Thakuria P.K., Singha M.K., Mazumder A.( 2016). A Study on Demographic Patterns of Drowning Cases in the Medicolegal Autopsies. Research & Reviews: Journal of Immunology. 6(3): 10–12p.
• Turgut A. & Akdağ E. (2017). Gaziantep İlinde Suda Boğulma Vakalarının İncelenmesi. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities VII/2, 437-444.
• Turgut A., Orhan İ., (2018). Samsun İlinde Suda Boğulma Vakalarının İncelenmesi. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Science, cilt.8, ss.11-23.
• Turgut, A., Orhan, İ., Uğurlu, A. (2018). Rekreasyonel Bir Etkinlik Olarak Piknik Yapmak: Suda Boğulma Vakalarının İncelenmesi. [Picnicking as a Recreational Activity: Investigation of Drowning Cases], Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 2 (2), 01-11.
• Turgut A. & Turgut T. (2012). A Study on Rescuer Drowning and Multiple Drowning Incidents. Journal of Safety Research 43,129-132.
• Turgut A. & Turgut T. (2014). A population-based study on deaths by drowning incidents in Turkey. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. Vol. 21, No. 1, 61–67, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2012.759238
• Turkish Statistical Institute. (2009). Death statistics province and district centers 2008 (pp. 84). Ankara, Turkey: Printing Division.
• Tyler MD, Richards DB, Reske-Nielsen C, Saghafi O, Morse EA, Carey R, et al. (2017). The epidemiology of drowning in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 17(1):413. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4239-2.
• van Beeck EF, Branche CM, Szpilman D, Modell JH, Bierens JJLM. (2005). A new definition of drowning: towards documentation and prevention of a global public health problem. Bull World Health Organ. 83(11): 853–856. doi:S0042–96862005001100015.
• Venema AM, Groothoff JW, Bierens JJ. (2010). The role of bystanders during rescue and resuscitation of drowning victims. Resuscitation;81:434-9.
• World Health Organization. Drowning: World Health Organization; (2020) Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drowning Accessed date: 13.05.2020
• Sinop, Coğrafya, http://www.sinop.gov.tr/cografya Accessed date: 23.05.2020.