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We Playing Mobile Games Because We Bored? An Exploratory Study on University Students

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 636 - 650, 28.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1156991

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between university students' motivation to play mobile games and their perception of boredom. In addition, it is to reveal the effect value of the perception of boredom as a motivating variable to play mobile games. For this purpose, "Mobile Game Motivation Scale (MGMS)" developed by Üstün and ÖZ and "Leisure Boredom Scale" developed by Iso-Aloha and culturally adapted by Kara et al. were used. 552 (Nwoman=226;Nman=326; Xage=21.79±2.40) university students participated in the study on a voluntary basis. SPSS 24 data analysis program was used in the study. Necessary assumptions for regression analysis were tested. In the study, pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship, and simple linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of boredom perception on mobile game playing. As a result of the study, moderate positive correlations were found between the mobile game motivation scale and the boredom perception scale. The predictive level of boredom perception on motivation to play mobile games was 33% (R=.582; R2=.338; P<.01). In the light of these findings, it is concluded that university students tend to play mobile games as a result of the perception of being bored in leisure time.

Kaynakça

  • Abuhamdeh, S., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2012). The importance of challenge for the enjoyment of intrinsically motivated, goal-directed activities. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 38(3), 317-330. doi: 10.1177/0146167211427147
  • Al Amin, Y. (2022). Role of mobile phones for the international students of LUHS. Master, LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES. Retrieved from https://www.lsmu.lt/cris/bitstream/20.500.12512/114495/1/Final%20draft%20of%20MT.%20fixed.pdf
  • Alter, A. (2017). Irresistible: The rise of addictive technology and the business of keeping us hooked. : Penguin.
  • Bacanlı, H. (2007). Education Psychology. Istanbul: Alkım Publishing.
  • Bench, S. W., & Lench, H. C. (2013). On the function of boredom. Behav Sci (Basel), 3(3), 459-472. doi: 10.3390/bs3030459
  • Billieux, J. (2012). Problematic use of the mobile phone: A literature review and a pathways model. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8(4), 299-307. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/157340012803520522
  • Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y
  • Blumenstock, J., Cadamuro, G., & On, R. (2015). Predicting poverty and wealth from mobile phone metadata. Science, 350(6264), 1073-1076. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4420
  • Botella, C., Breton-Lopez, J., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., Garcia-Palacios, A., Zaragoza, I., Alcañiz, M. (2011). Treating cockroach phobia using a serious game on a mobile phone and augmented reality exposure: A single case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 217-227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.043
  • Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: The Human Cost of the Computer Revolution. Boston, ABD: MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Budak, S. (1984). Dictionary of Psychology (Agency Turk). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Manual of data analysis for social sciences. . Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Chin, A., Markey, A., Bhargava, S., Kassam, K. S., Loewenstein, G. (2017). Bored in the USA: Experience sampling and boredom in everyday life. Emotion, 17(2), 359. doi: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/emo0000232
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Happiness, flow, and economic equality. American Psychologist, 55(10), 1163-1164.
  • Culp, N. A. (2006). The relations of two facets of boredom proneness with the major dimensions of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(6), 999-1007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.018
  • Dickens, C. (1997). Hard Times (F. Elioğlu, Trans. Vol. 5): Oda Yayınları.
  • Dickens, C. (2001). Bleak House (A. Bicen, Trans.) (Vol. 3). Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Publications.
  • Dinsmore, J. B., Swani, K., Troise, C., Wamwara, W., Li, B. (2022). Antecedents and consequences of sending and receiving information in mobile gaming apps. Digital Business, 2(2), 100031. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100031
  • Ebling, M. R. (2015). The importance of being... Bored. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 14(2), 5-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2015.43
  • Elhai, J. D., Vasquez, J. K., Lustgarten, S. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2018). Proneness to Boredom Mediates Relationships Between Problematic Smartphone Use With Depression and Anxiety Severity. Social Science Computer Review, 36(6), 707-720.
  • Fenichel, O. (1951). On the psychology of boredom. In D. Rapaport, Organization and pathology of thought: Selected sources Columbia University Press.
  • Frankl, V. (1975). The unheard cry for meaning. New York: World Publishing Co. .
  • Frankl, V. E. (1988). The Will to Meaning. Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy. New York: New American Library.
  • Freud, S. (1940). An Outline Of Psycho-Analysis. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 21, 27-84.
  • Garcia-Oliva, C., & Piqueras, J. A. (2016). Experiential Avoidance and Technological Addictions in Adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 293-303.
  • Geiger, N., Swim, J. K., Gasper, K., Fraser, J., & Flinner, K. (2021). How do I feel when I think about taking action? Hope and boredom, not anxiety and helplessness, predict intentions to take climate action. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 76.
  • Gilliam, C. A. (2013). Existential Boredom Re-examined: Boredom as Authenticity and Life-Affirmation. Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 24(2), 250-262.
  • Gomez-Ramirez, J., & Costa, T. (2017). Boredom begets creativity: A solution to the exploitation-exploration trade-off in predictive coding. Biosystems, 162, 168-176.
  • Heidegger, M. (1995). The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Holzer, A., & Ondrus, J. (2011). Mobile application market: A developer’s perspective. Telematics and informatics, 28(1), 22-31.
  • Hulsizer, D., Murphy, M., Noam, G., Taylor, C., Erikson, E., & Erikson, J. (1981). On Generativity and Identity - from a Conversation with
  • Erikson,Erik and Erikson,Joan. Harvard Educational Review, 51(2), 249-&.
  • Hunter, J. A., Abraham, E. H., Hunter, A. G., Goldberg, L. C., Eastwood, J. D. (2016). Personality and boredom proneness in the prediction of creativity and curiosity. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, 48-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.08.002 Iso-Ahola, S. E., Weissinger, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: Conceptualization, reliability and validity of the leisure boredom scale. Journal of leisure Research, 11(1), 1-17.
  • Kara, F., Gürbüz, B., Öncü, E. (2014). Leisure Boredom Scale: the Factor Structure and the Demographic Differences. The Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(2), 28-35.
  • Keskin, U., Bayram, A. (2019). Contemporary Form of Idle Individual Behavior: Electronic Idleness. Anadolu University Journal of the Faculty of Business, 1(1), 1-24.
  • Khang, H., Kim, J. K., Kim, Y. (2013). Self-traits and motivations as antecedents of digital media flow and addiction: The Internet, mobile phones, and video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2416-2424. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.027
  • Kracauer, S. (1997). Theory of film: The redemption of physical reality: Princeton University Press.
  • Lane, W. (2012). The influence of personality traits on mobile phone application preferences. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 4(5), 252-260. doi: https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i5.325
  • Leary, M. R., Rogers, P. A., Canfield, R. W., & Coe, C. (1986). Boredom in Interpersonal Encounters - Antecedents and Social Implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 968-975.
  • LePera, N. (2011). Relationships between boredom proneness, mindfulness, anxiety, depression, and substance use. The New School Psychology Bulletin, 8(2), 15-25.
  • Leung, L. (2020). Exploring the relationship between smartphone activities, flow experience, and boredom in free time. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 130-139.
  • Li, X., Feng, X., Xiao, W., & Zhou, H. (2021). Loneliness and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Roles of Boredom Proneness and Self-Control. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 14, 687-694. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S315879
  • Linton, R. (1936). The study of man: an introduction. ABD: Appleton-Century.
  • Lycett, J. E., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2000). Mobile phones as lekking devices among human males. Human Nature-an Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective, 11(1), 93-104.
  • Mann, S. (2016). The science of boredom: Why boredom is good. Hong Kong: Hachette UK.
  • Marques, M. M., Pombo, L. (2021). The impact of teacher training using mobile augmented reality games on their professional development. Education Sciences, 11(8), 404. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080404
  • Martin, M., Sadlo, G., Stew, G. . (2012). Rethinking occupational deprivation and boredom. Journal of Occupational Science, 19(1), 54-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2011.640210
  • Miele, D. B., & Scholer, A. A. (2018). The Role of Metamotivational Monitoring in Motivation Regulation. Educational Psychologist, 53(1), 1-21.
  • Millgram, E. (2004). On Being Bored Out of Your Mind. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 104(1), 165-186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0066-7373.2004.00087.x
  • Morris, L., Sallybanks, J., Willis, K., Makkai, T. (2004). Sport, physical activity and antisocial behaviour in youth. Youth Studies Australia, 23(1).
  • Nietzsche, F. (1968). Basic Writings of Nietzsche. New York: The Modern Library, Random House.
  • Öz, N. D., Üstün, F. The Validity and Reliability Study of the E-Sports Participation Motivation Scale (EPMS) Turkish Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(2), 115-125.
  • Panova, T., Lleras, A. . (2016). Avoidance or boredom: Negative mental health outcomes associated with use of Information and Communication Technologies depend on users’ motivations. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 249-258. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.062
  • Pielot, M., Dingler, T., Pedro, J. S., Oliver, N. . (2015). When attention is not scarce-detecting boredom from mobile phone usage. Paper presented at the In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing, JapanAssociation for Computing Machinery.
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Sıkıldığımız İçin mi Mobil Oyun Oynuyoruz? Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Keşifsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 636 - 650, 28.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1156991

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin mobil oyun oynama motivasyonları ile can sıkıntısı algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Ayrıca mobil oyun oynamaya motive edici bir değişken olarak can sıkıntısı algısının etki değerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaçla Üstün ve ÖZ tarafından geliştirilen "Mobil Oyun Motivasyon Ölçeği (MGMS)" ve Iso-Aloha tarafından geliştirilen ve Kara ve diğerleri tarafından kültürel olarak uyarlanan "Boş Zaman Sıkıntısı Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya gönüllü olarak 552 (Nkadın=226; Nerkek=326; Xyaş=21.79±2.40) üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışmada SPSS 24 veri analiz programı kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizi için gerekli varsayımlar test edilmiştir. Araştırmada, ilişkiyi belirlemek için pearson korelasyon testi, can sıkıntısı algısının mobil oyun oynamaya etkisini belirlemek için basit doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda mobil oyun motivasyon ölçeği ile can sıkıntısı algısı ölçeği arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Can sıkıntısı algısının mobil oyun oynama motivasyonu üzerindeki yordayıcı düzeyi %33'tür (R=.582; R2=.338; P<.01). Bu bulgular ışığında üniversite öğrencilerinin boş zamanlarında sıkılma algısının bir sonucu olarak mobil oyun oynama eğiliminde oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abuhamdeh, S., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2012). The importance of challenge for the enjoyment of intrinsically motivated, goal-directed activities. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 38(3), 317-330. doi: 10.1177/0146167211427147
  • Al Amin, Y. (2022). Role of mobile phones for the international students of LUHS. Master, LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES. Retrieved from https://www.lsmu.lt/cris/bitstream/20.500.12512/114495/1/Final%20draft%20of%20MT.%20fixed.pdf
  • Alter, A. (2017). Irresistible: The rise of addictive technology and the business of keeping us hooked. : Penguin.
  • Bacanlı, H. (2007). Education Psychology. Istanbul: Alkım Publishing.
  • Bench, S. W., & Lench, H. C. (2013). On the function of boredom. Behav Sci (Basel), 3(3), 459-472. doi: 10.3390/bs3030459
  • Billieux, J. (2012). Problematic use of the mobile phone: A literature review and a pathways model. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8(4), 299-307. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/157340012803520522
  • Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y
  • Blumenstock, J., Cadamuro, G., & On, R. (2015). Predicting poverty and wealth from mobile phone metadata. Science, 350(6264), 1073-1076. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4420
  • Botella, C., Breton-Lopez, J., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., Garcia-Palacios, A., Zaragoza, I., Alcañiz, M. (2011). Treating cockroach phobia using a serious game on a mobile phone and augmented reality exposure: A single case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 217-227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.043
  • Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: The Human Cost of the Computer Revolution. Boston, ABD: MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Budak, S. (1984). Dictionary of Psychology (Agency Turk). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Manual of data analysis for social sciences. . Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Chin, A., Markey, A., Bhargava, S., Kassam, K. S., Loewenstein, G. (2017). Bored in the USA: Experience sampling and boredom in everyday life. Emotion, 17(2), 359. doi: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/emo0000232
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Happiness, flow, and economic equality. American Psychologist, 55(10), 1163-1164.
  • Culp, N. A. (2006). The relations of two facets of boredom proneness with the major dimensions of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(6), 999-1007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.018
  • Dickens, C. (1997). Hard Times (F. Elioğlu, Trans. Vol. 5): Oda Yayınları.
  • Dickens, C. (2001). Bleak House (A. Bicen, Trans.) (Vol. 3). Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Publications.
  • Dinsmore, J. B., Swani, K., Troise, C., Wamwara, W., Li, B. (2022). Antecedents and consequences of sending and receiving information in mobile gaming apps. Digital Business, 2(2), 100031. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100031
  • Ebling, M. R. (2015). The importance of being... Bored. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 14(2), 5-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2015.43
  • Elhai, J. D., Vasquez, J. K., Lustgarten, S. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2018). Proneness to Boredom Mediates Relationships Between Problematic Smartphone Use With Depression and Anxiety Severity. Social Science Computer Review, 36(6), 707-720.
  • Fenichel, O. (1951). On the psychology of boredom. In D. Rapaport, Organization and pathology of thought: Selected sources Columbia University Press.
  • Frankl, V. (1975). The unheard cry for meaning. New York: World Publishing Co. .
  • Frankl, V. E. (1988). The Will to Meaning. Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy. New York: New American Library.
  • Freud, S. (1940). An Outline Of Psycho-Analysis. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 21, 27-84.
  • Garcia-Oliva, C., & Piqueras, J. A. (2016). Experiential Avoidance and Technological Addictions in Adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 293-303.
  • Geiger, N., Swim, J. K., Gasper, K., Fraser, J., & Flinner, K. (2021). How do I feel when I think about taking action? Hope and boredom, not anxiety and helplessness, predict intentions to take climate action. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 76.
  • Gilliam, C. A. (2013). Existential Boredom Re-examined: Boredom as Authenticity and Life-Affirmation. Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 24(2), 250-262.
  • Gomez-Ramirez, J., & Costa, T. (2017). Boredom begets creativity: A solution to the exploitation-exploration trade-off in predictive coding. Biosystems, 162, 168-176.
  • Heidegger, M. (1995). The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Holzer, A., & Ondrus, J. (2011). Mobile application market: A developer’s perspective. Telematics and informatics, 28(1), 22-31.
  • Hulsizer, D., Murphy, M., Noam, G., Taylor, C., Erikson, E., & Erikson, J. (1981). On Generativity and Identity - from a Conversation with
  • Erikson,Erik and Erikson,Joan. Harvard Educational Review, 51(2), 249-&.
  • Hunter, J. A., Abraham, E. H., Hunter, A. G., Goldberg, L. C., Eastwood, J. D. (2016). Personality and boredom proneness in the prediction of creativity and curiosity. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, 48-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.08.002 Iso-Ahola, S. E., Weissinger, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: Conceptualization, reliability and validity of the leisure boredom scale. Journal of leisure Research, 11(1), 1-17.
  • Kara, F., Gürbüz, B., Öncü, E. (2014). Leisure Boredom Scale: the Factor Structure and the Demographic Differences. The Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(2), 28-35.
  • Keskin, U., Bayram, A. (2019). Contemporary Form of Idle Individual Behavior: Electronic Idleness. Anadolu University Journal of the Faculty of Business, 1(1), 1-24.
  • Khang, H., Kim, J. K., Kim, Y. (2013). Self-traits and motivations as antecedents of digital media flow and addiction: The Internet, mobile phones, and video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2416-2424. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.027
  • Kracauer, S. (1997). Theory of film: The redemption of physical reality: Princeton University Press.
  • Lane, W. (2012). The influence of personality traits on mobile phone application preferences. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 4(5), 252-260. doi: https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i5.325
  • Leary, M. R., Rogers, P. A., Canfield, R. W., & Coe, C. (1986). Boredom in Interpersonal Encounters - Antecedents and Social Implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 968-975.
  • LePera, N. (2011). Relationships between boredom proneness, mindfulness, anxiety, depression, and substance use. The New School Psychology Bulletin, 8(2), 15-25.
  • Leung, L. (2020). Exploring the relationship between smartphone activities, flow experience, and boredom in free time. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 130-139.
  • Li, X., Feng, X., Xiao, W., & Zhou, H. (2021). Loneliness and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Roles of Boredom Proneness and Self-Control. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 14, 687-694. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S315879
  • Linton, R. (1936). The study of man: an introduction. ABD: Appleton-Century.
  • Lycett, J. E., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2000). Mobile phones as lekking devices among human males. Human Nature-an Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective, 11(1), 93-104.
  • Mann, S. (2016). The science of boredom: Why boredom is good. Hong Kong: Hachette UK.
  • Marques, M. M., Pombo, L. (2021). The impact of teacher training using mobile augmented reality games on their professional development. Education Sciences, 11(8), 404. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080404
  • Martin, M., Sadlo, G., Stew, G. . (2012). Rethinking occupational deprivation and boredom. Journal of Occupational Science, 19(1), 54-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2011.640210
  • Miele, D. B., & Scholer, A. A. (2018). The Role of Metamotivational Monitoring in Motivation Regulation. Educational Psychologist, 53(1), 1-21.
  • Millgram, E. (2004). On Being Bored Out of Your Mind. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 104(1), 165-186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0066-7373.2004.00087.x
  • Morris, L., Sallybanks, J., Willis, K., Makkai, T. (2004). Sport, physical activity and antisocial behaviour in youth. Youth Studies Australia, 23(1).
  • Nietzsche, F. (1968). Basic Writings of Nietzsche. New York: The Modern Library, Random House.
  • Öz, N. D., Üstün, F. The Validity and Reliability Study of the E-Sports Participation Motivation Scale (EPMS) Turkish Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(2), 115-125.
  • Panova, T., Lleras, A. . (2016). Avoidance or boredom: Negative mental health outcomes associated with use of Information and Communication Technologies depend on users’ motivations. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 249-258. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.062
  • Pielot, M., Dingler, T., Pedro, J. S., Oliver, N. . (2015). When attention is not scarce-detecting boredom from mobile phone usage. Paper presented at the In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing, JapanAssociation for Computing Machinery.
  • Rescorla, R. A., & Lolordo, V. M. (1965). Inhibition of avoidance behavior. Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 59(3), 406.
  • Sane, I., Traore, M. B. . (2009). Mobile phones in a time of modernity: the quest for increased self-sufficiency among women fishmongers and fish processors in Dakar: African Women and ICTs: Investigating Technology, Gender and Empowerment.
  • Selwyn, N. (2003). Apart from technology: understanding people’s non-use of information and communication technologies in everyday life. Technology in society, 25(1), 107-118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(02)00062-3
  • Seok, S., DaCosta, B. . (2018). Problematic mobile gameplay among the world’s most intense players: A modern pandemic or casual recreational pursuit? Games and Culture, 13(4), 385-405. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1555412015616716
  • Siricharoen, W. V. (2021). Can Gaming be the Bad Escapism? Paper presented at the In International Conference on Context-Aware Systems and Applications Vietnam.
  • Statista. (2022). Number of mobile phone messaging app users worldwide from 2018 to 2025 Retrieved 12 june, 2022, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/483255/number-of-mobile-messaging-users-worldwide/
  • Sulea, C., Van Beek, I., Sarbescu, P., Virga, D., Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Engagement, boredom, and burnout among students: Basic need satisfaction matters more than personality traits. Learning and Individual Differences, 42, 132-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.08.018
  • Toohey, P. (1988). Some ancient notions of boredom. Illinois Classical Studies, 13(1), 151-164.
  • Turnwald, A., Althoff, D., Wollherr, D., Buss, M. . (2016). Understanding human avoidance behavior: interaction-aware decision making based on game theory. International journal of social robotics, 8(2), 331-351. doi: DOI 10.1007/s12369-016-0342-2
  • Üstün, F., Öz, N.D. (2022). Validity and Reliability Study of the Mobile Game Motivation Scale (MGMS). Paper presented at the Future Trends in Leisure & Recreation, Ankara.
  • Wack, E., Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2009). Relationships between electronic game play, obesity, and psychosocial functioning in young men. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(2), 241-244. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2008.0151
  • Wang, S. S., Hsu, S.J. . (2016). Not so angry birds: psychological benefits of mobile games. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 8(1), 65-84.
  • Wegner, L. (2011). Through the lens of a peer: Understanding leisure boredom and risk behaviour in adolescence. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 41(1), 19-23.
  • Wolniewicz, C. A., Rozgonjuk, D., Elhai, J. D. . (2020). Boredom proneness and fear of missing out mediate relations between depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(1), 61-70.
  • Yang, X. J., Liu, Q. Q., Lian, S. L., Zhou, Z. K. (2020). Are bored minds more likely to be addicted? The relationship between boredom proneness and problematic mobile phone use. Addictive Behaviors, 108, 106426.
  • Zhang, Y., Li, S., Yu, G. (2021). The longitudinal relationship between boredom proneness and mobile phone addiction: evidence from a cross-lagged model. Current Psychology, 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01333-8.
  • Zomeren, M. (2013). Four Core Social-Psychological Motivations to Undertake Collective Action. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(6), 378-388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12031
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor ve Rekreasyon
Bölüm Arşiv
Yazarlar

Nazlı Deniz Öz 0000-0001-9187-8596

Ferhat Üstün 0000-0002-4887-7229

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2022
Kabul Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Öz, N. D., & Üstün, F. (2022). We Playing Mobile Games Because We Bored? An Exploratory Study on University Students. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 636-650. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1156991

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