Massage Therapy May Help Pain and Endurance Performance in Modern Pentathlon Athletes with Plantar Fasciitis.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 52 - 63, 28.03.2023

Ramazan Bayer Duygu Yaralı Bingöl Özgür Eken Fatma Hilal Yağın Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu Eda Bayer

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1179909

Öz

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is common among both sports and inactive individuals and several treatment approaches are available. There is no study that examines the effect of massage on PF in multi-discipline athletes such as modern pentathletes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of massage on modern pentathletes suffering from PF. Twelve male athletes between the ages of 18 and 25 who had a history of plantar fasciitis pain and participated in modern pentathlon sports took part in the study. Every athlete received a 15-minute deep friction massage (DFM) between 13:00 and 17:00 on each day of the week for 15 days. Before and after the massage, all athletes' pain and endurance levels were measured. For pain assessments, pressure pain algometry was utilised, and for endurance evaluations, the yo-yo intermittent endurance test was utilised. Athletes participating in the study before (3.5 (2-5)) and after (7 (6-8)) pain average measurements and before massage (830±60) and after (1498.33±52.88) endurance average measurements pretest-post It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between test values. According to the study, massage, an alternative therapeutic strategy, can be used to address the PF issue. To increase the accuracy of the findings and to assert that massage is the definitive treatment for PF, it is proposed that other sample groups with PF diagnoses be included in the studies, or that the treatment time for a single sample group be extended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Massage, Plantar Fasciitis, Modern Pentathlon.

Masaj Terapisi Plantar Fasiitli Modern Pentatlon Sporcularında Ağrı ve Dayanıklılık Performansına Yardımcı Olabilir

Öz

Plantar fasiit (PF) problemi sedanter bireylerde olduğu kadar sporcularda da sıklıkla görülmekte ve tedavi etmek amacıyla farklı yöntemler kullanılmaktır. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde masajın PF problemi olan bireylerde yaygın bir şekilde kullanım alanı olduğu fakat bu çalışmalar arasında modern pentatlon sporu gibi çoklu branşlara katılım sağlayan sporcular üzerinde masajın PF probleminde etkisini belirleyen çalışmanın olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, PF modern pentatloncularda masaj uygulamasının etkisini değerlendirme amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya PF ağrı öyküsü bulunup modern pentatlon sporu yapan 18-25 yaş aralığında 12 erkek sporcu katıldı. Tüm sporculara 15 gün boyunca haftanın her günü 13:00-17:00 saatleri arasında toplam 15 dakika boyunca derin friksiyon masajı (DFM) uygulandı. Masaj öncesi ve sonrası tüm sporcuların ağrı ve dayanıklılık ölçümleri alındı. Ağrı ölçümü değerlendirmeleri basınç ağrı algometresi, dayanıklık ölçümleri için ise yo-yo aralıklı dayanıklık testi kullanılarak ölçüldü. Araştırmaya katılan sporcuların masaj öncesi (3.5 (2-5)) ve sonrası (7 (6-8)) ağrı ortalamaları ölçümleri ve masaj öncesi (830±60) ve sonrası (1498.33±52.88) dayanıklılık ortalamaları ölçümleri ön test-son test değerleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlendi. Yapılan çalışmaya göre PF problemini tedavi etmek amacıyla alternatif tedavi yöntemlerinden olan masajın kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Fakat elde edilen bulguların doğruluğunu arttırmak ve PF tedavisinde masajın kesin çözüm olduğunu söyleyebilmek amacıyla PF tanısı konulmuş farklı örneklem gruplarının çalışmalara dahil edilmesi veya tek örneklem grubu üzerinden tedavi gün süresinin uzatılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Masaj, Plantar Fasiit, Modern Pentatlon

Kaynakça

• Açak, M. and Öncü, E. H. (2006). Step by step massage teaching. Size chart.
• An, C. S. and Lee, S. I. (2012). The comparative study of shooting, swimming, track and field between world record and national record in modern pentathlon players. Korean J. Sport, 10, 157–163.
• Berkowitz, J. F., Kier, R. & Rudicel, S. (1991). Plantar fasciitis: MR imaging. Radiology, 179(3), 665–667. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.179.3.2027971
• Böer J. R. (2006). Charakterisierung des balance verhaltens von gesunden. hüft-und kniepatienten auf dem posturomed. Eberhard Karls Universität.
• Bowers, R., Foss, M. & Fox, E. (2012). Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Fizyolojik Temelleri. Spor Yayınevi.
• Bressel, E., Yonker, J. C., Kras, J. and Heath, E. M. (n.d.). Comparison of static and dynamic balance in female collegiate soccer, basketball, and gymnastics athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 42(1), 42–46.
• Castagna, C., Abt, G. and D’Ottavio, S. (2005). Competitive-level differences in Yo-Yo intermittent recovery and twelve minute run test performance in soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, , 19(4), 805–809.
• Deprez, D., Coutts, A. J., Lenoir, M., Fransen, J., Pion, J., Philippaerts, R. and Vaeyens, R. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 in young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(10), 903–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.876088
• Fanchini, M., Castagna, C., Coutts, A. J., Schena, F., McCall, A. and Impellizzeri, F. M. (2014). Are the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test levels 1 and 2 both useful? Reliability, responsiveness and interchangeability in young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1950–1957. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.969295
• Farooq, N., Aslam, S., Bashir, N., Awan, W.A., Shah, M. and Irshad, A. (2019). Effectiveness of transverse friction massage of Flexor digitorum brevis and Calf muscle stretching in Plantar fasciitis on foot function index scale: A randomized control trial. Isra Med J, 11(4), 305–309.
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. and Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
• Formosa, G. and Smith, G. (2011). Transverse frictional massage for plantar fasciitis: a clinical pilot trial. International Musculoskeletal Medicine, 33(3), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1179/1753615411Y.0000000008
• Foss, K. D. B., Myer, G. D. and Hewett, T. E. (2014). Epidemiology of Basketball, Soccer, and Volleyball Injuries in Middle-School Female Athletes. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 42(2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2014.05.2066
• Goff, J. D. and Crawford, R. (2011). Diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis. American Family Physician, 84(6), 676–682. Gomaa Elkersawy, H. (2016). The Impact of Rehabilitative Exercise Program Accompanied by Massage on Foot Plantar Fasciitis in Some Athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Science, 6(3), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.21608/jass.2016.84581
• Gürkan, A. (2018). Spor Masajı. Iğdır Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 24-28.
• Hassan, S. M., Hafez, A. R., Seif, H. E. and Kachanathu, S. J. (2016). The Effect of Deep Friction Massage versus Stretching of Wrist Extensor Muscles in the Treatment of Patients with Tennis Elbow. Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 04(01), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojtr.2016.41004
• Hunt, K. J. and Anderson, R. B. (2009). Heel Pain in the Athlete. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 1(5), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738109338357
• Jelvéus A. (2011). Integrated Sports Massage Therapy A Comprehensive Handbook. Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Jeong C. S. (2006). Characteristics of performance-related physical fitness and physique in elite modern pentathlon players. Korea National University.
• Juchli, L. (2021). Effectiveness of Massage Including Proximal Trigger Point Release for Plantar Fasciitis: a Case Report. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 14(2), 22–29.
• Kim, Y. S., Yoon, J. R. and Hur, S. (2016). Comparison of New Combined Event Performance by Performance Level in Modern Pentathlon Athletes. Exercise Science, 25(4), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2016.25.4.282
• Lakhwani, M. & Phansopkar, P. (2021). Efficacy of Percussive massage Versus Calf Stretching on Pain, Range of Motion, Muscle Strength and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis–A Randomized Control Trial. . Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(44(B)), 532–539.
• Le Meur, Y., Dorel, S., Baup, Y., Guyomarch, J. P., Roudaut, C. and Hausswirth, C. (2012). Physiological demand and pacing strategy during the new combined event in elite pentathletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(7), 2583–2593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2235-2
• Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Abbiss, C., Baup, Y. and Dorel, S. (2010). Performance factors in the new combined event of modern pentathlon. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(10), 1111–1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.497816
• Lim, C.-H., Yoon, J.-R., Jeong, C.-S. and Kim, Y.-S. (2018). An Analysis of the Performance Determinants of Modern Pentathlon Athletes in Laser-run, A Newly-Combined Event in Modern Pentathlon. Exercise Science, 27(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2018.27.1.62
• Loureiro, L. L., Fonseca, S., Castro, N. G. C. de O. e, dos Passos, R. B., Porto, C. P. M. and Pierucci, A. P. T. R. (2015). Basal Metabolic Rate of Adolescent Modern Pentathlon Athletes: Agreement between Indirect Calorimetry and Predictive Equations and the Correlation with Body Parameters. PLOS ONE, 10(11), e0142859. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142859
• Matthews M.J., Matthews H., Yusuf M. and Doyle C. (2016). Traditional Martial Arts Training Enhances Balance and Neuromuscular Control in Female Modern Martial Artists. Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy, 06(01). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7595.1000228
• McPoil, T. G., Martin, R. L., Cornwall, M. W., Wukich, D. K., Irrgang, J. J. and Godges, J. J. (2008). Heel Pain—Plantar Fasciitis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 38(4), A1–A18. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.0302
• Moshrif, A., Elwan, M. and Daifullah, O. S. (2020). Deep friction massage versus local steroid injection for treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 47(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43166-020-00013-6
• Petraglia, F., Ramazzina, I. and Costantino, C. (2017). Plantar fasciitis in athletes: diagnostic and treatment strategies. A systematic review. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 7(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2017.7.1.107
• Puttaswamaiah, R. and Chandran, P. (2007). Degenerative plantar fasciitis: A review of current concepts. The Foot, 17(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2006.07.005
• Rama, S. (2012). The Efficacy of Chiropractic Care in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis Utilising Foot and Ankle Manipulation, Gastrocsoleus Stretching and Cross Friction Massage of the Plantar Fascia. University of Johannesburg.
• Rittu, S. B. (2016). A Comparative study on the Effectiveness of Myofascial Release and Deep Friction Massage in the Management of Foot Function and Flexibility among Chronic Plantar Fasciitis Patients . RVS College of Physiotherapy.
• Sadowska, D., Lichota, M., Sacewicz, T. and Krzepota, J. (2019). Influence of Running Phases on the Postural Balance of Modern Pentathlon Athletes in a Laser Run Event. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224440
• Singh, D., Angel, J., Bentley, G. and Trevino, S. G. (1997). Fortnightly review: Plantar fasciitis. BMJ, 315(7101), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7101.172
• Souhail, H., Castagna, C., Mohamed, H. yahmed, Younes, H. and Chamari, K. (2010). Direct Validity of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test in Young Team Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(2), 465–470. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c06827
• Souissi N., Gauthier A., Sesboüé B., Larue J. and Davenne D. (2004). Circadian Rhythms in Two Types of Anaerobic Cycle Leg Exercise: Force-Velocity and 30-s Wingate Tests. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-45226
• Tahririan M. A, Motififard M & Tahmasebi M. N. (2012). Plantar fasciitis. J Res Med Sci, 17, 799–804.
• Thomas, A., Dawson, B. & Goodman, C. (2006). The Yo-Yo Test: Reliability and Association with a 20-m Shuttle Run and VO2max. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.1.2.137
• Weerapong, P., Hume, P. A. & Kolt, G. S. (2005). The Mechanisms of Massage and Effects on Performance, Muscle Recovery and Injury Prevention. Sports Medicine, 35(3), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535030-00004
• Yelverton, C., Rama, S. & Zipfel, B. (2019). Manual therapy interventions in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: A comparison of three approaches. Health SA Gesondheid, 24. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v24i0.1244
• Yi, R., Bratchenko, W. W. & Tan, V. (2018). Deep Friction Massage Versus Steroid Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis. HAND, 13(1), 56–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558944717692088