Investigation Effects of Self-Efficacy Levels of Athletes Students on Academic Achievement by Logistic Regression
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 64 - 77, 28.03.2023
Tayfun Şirin
,
Yeliz Eratlı Şirin
,
Özge Aydın
Öz
Athlete-students faced with both athletic and academic demands may identify more strongly with their academic or athletic roles, depending on a number of influential factors. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of self-efficacy, gender and age of athletes- students on their academic achievement. In the research, the self-efficacy scale adapted to Turkish by Öcal (2022) and the academic achievement averages of the athletes-students were used as data collection tools. The data were collected from a total of 290 university licensed athletes-students studying at the university's faculty of sports sciences. Logistic regression analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. The results showed that high self-efficacy levels of athlete students are an important predictor of their academic achievement. As the age of the athletes increases, their academic success rates also increase; It was found that female athlete students were more likely to fail than male students. Another result is that the more the athletes' perceptions of confidence in their abilities increase, the more likely they are to be academically successful. These results revealed that age, gender, and confidence in their abilities are the determinants of academic success, and athlete self-efficacy is an important factor in the academic success of students during their education. It can be said that the results of the research are an important factor in guiding future research and educational prevention and intervention efforts for athletes.
Kaynakça
- 1. Akbaba, S. (2004). Psychological health protective guidance and psychological counseling. (3th ed.). (pp.149). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- 2. Aktop, A., & Erman, K.A. (2006): Relationship between achievement motivation, trait anxiety and self-esteem. Biology of Sport, 23(2),127-141. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000361
- 3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control; Freeman, W.H., Ed.; Times Books, Henry Holt & Co.: New York, NY, USA.
- 4. Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, C.V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Self-Efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories, Child Development, 72(1), 187–206.
- 5. Borggrefe, C., & Cachay, K. (2012). Dual careers: The structural coupling of elite sport and school exemplified by the German verbund systeme. Eur. J. Sport Soc, 9, 57–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2012.11687889
- 6. Carter, V.E. (1973). Good, dictionary of education, (4th ed.) New York: McGraw Hill Book Company,
- 7. Cengiz, R., Aytan, K.G., & Abakay, U. (2012). The relationship between self-efficacy levels and leadership qualities that the taekwondo athlete perceive; E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7(4). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/nwsaspor/issue/20131/213778
- 8. Chemers, M. M., Hu, L.-t., & Garcia, B. F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.55
- 9. Cheung, C. K., & Kwok, S.T. (2009). Activities and academic achievement among collage students, The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329809596142
- 10. Chatfield C., & Collins A. (1980). Introduction to Multivariate Analysis. (1st ed.) Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203749999
- 11. Daley, A. J., & Ryan, J. (2000). Academic performance and participation in physical activity by secondary adolescents, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 91, 531–534. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.91.2.531
- 12. Eccles, J. S., Adler, T. F., Futterman, R., Goff, S. B., Kaczala, C. M., Meece, J., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives (pp. 75–146). San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman
- 13. Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 98. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
- 14. Elias, S. M., & MacDonald, S. (2007). Using past performance, proxy efficacy, and academic self-efficacy to predict college performance, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(11), 2518-2531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00268.x
- 15. Elhan, A.H. (1997). Review of Logistic Regression Analysis and Implementation in Medicine. (PhD thesis in biostatistics) A.U., 4-29, Ankara
- 16. Eratlı Şirin, Y., & Şahin, M. (2020). Investigation of factors affecting the achievement of university students with logistic regression analysis: School of physical education and sport example, Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902082
- 17. Gao, Z., Lee, A.M., & Harrison, L. (2008). Understanding students’ motivation in sport and physical education: From the expectancy-value model and self-efficacy theory perspectives, Quest, 60, 236–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483579
- 18. Gibbons, RD., & Hedeker, D. (1996). Random effects probit and logistic regression models for three-level data, Biometrika, 42, 121- 130.
- 19. Heise, M.A., & Myers, R.H. (1996). Optimal designs for bivariate logistic regression, Biometrics, 14, 613-623.
- 20. Hosmer, WD., & Lemeshow, S. (1989). Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons, America.
- 21. Lindner, K. J. (1999). Sports participation and perceived academic performance of school children and youth, Pediatric Exercise Science, 11,129–143. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.14.2.155
- 22. MacNab, Bailey Ann, (2015). Student-Athlete Academic and Athletic Identity and Self-Efficacy, LSU Master's Theses. 3476. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3476
- 23. Malpass, J. R., O’neil, J., Harold, F., & Hocevar, D. (1999). Self-regulation, goal orientation, self-efficacy, wory and high stakes math achievement for mathematically gifted high school students, Roeper Review, 21 (4), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199909553976
- 24. O'Neill, Maureen M., Allen, Bill., & Calder, Angela M. (2013). Pressures to perform: An interview study of Australian high performance school-age athletes-perceptions of balancing their school and sporting lives. Performance Enhancement & Health. 2(3),87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2013.06.001
- 25. Öcel, H. The relationships of collective efficacy beliefs, self efficacy beliefs and group cohesiveness with success evaluations and expectancies in sports teams. Master's thesis, Hacettepe University, 2002. Ankara
- 26. Rankin, S., Merson, D., Garvey, J.C., Sorgen, C.H., Menon, I., Loya, K., & Oseguera, L. (2016). The Influence of Climate on the Academic and Athletic Success of Student-Athletes: Results from a Multi-Institutional National Study. The Journal of Higher Education 87(5), 701-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2016.11777419
- 27. Riggs, M. L., Warka, J., Babasa, B., Betancourt, R., & Hooker, S. (1994). Development and validation of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy scales for job-related applications. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54(3), 793–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164494054003026
- 28. Scott, A, & Wild C.J. (1990). Fitting logistic regression models in stratified case-control studies. Biometrics,47:497-510.
- 29. Şahin, M. & Efe, E. (2018). Determining the factors affecting birth weight by using logistic regression method, Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 1 (2), 22-27. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bshealthscience/issue/38738/451235
- 30. Tahtalı, Y., Şahin. M., & Bayburt, L. (2020). Comparison of different growth curve models in romanov lambs, Kafkas University Veterinary Faculty Journal, 26(5),609-615. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2020.23954
- 31. Van Raalte, J.L., Vincent, A., & Brewer, B.W. (2016). Self-talk: Review and sport-specific model. Psychol. Sport Exerc., 22, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.004
- 32. Van Rens, F.E., Elling, A., & Reijgersberg, N. (2015). Topsport Talent Schools in the Netherlands: A retrospective analysis of the effect on performance in sport and education. Int. Rev. Sociol. Sport, 50, 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690212468585
- 33. Yalçınöz, E., & Şahin, M. (2020). Modelıng of Egg Productıon Curves in Poultry. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Agriculture and Nature. 23 (5); 1373 – 1778. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.691069
- 34. Yavuz, E. , Önem, A. B. , Kaya, F. , Çanga, D. & Şahin, M. (2019). Modeling of Individual Growth Curves in Japanese Quails . Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(1),11-15 Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bsengineering/issue/42084/479709
- 35. Zajacova, A., Lynch, S.M. & Espenshade, T.J. Self-Efficacy, Stress, and Academic Success in College. Res High Educ 46, 677–706 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-004-4139-z
- 36. Zimmerman, B.J. Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 2000, 25, 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1016
Sporcu - Öğrencilerin Öz yeterlik Düzeylerinin Akademik Başarıya Etkisinin Lojistik Regresyon Analizi İle İncelenmesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 64 - 77, 28.03.2023
Tayfun Şirin
,
Yeliz Eratlı Şirin
,
Özge Aydın
Öz
Hem atletik hem de akademik talepleriyle karşı karşıya kalan sporcu-öğrenciler, bir dizi etkili faktöre bağlı olarak akademik veya atletik rolleriyle daha güçlü bir şekilde özdeşleşebilirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sporcu-öğrencilerin öz-yeterlik, cinsiyet ve yaşlarının akademik başarılarına etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Öcal (2022) Türkçeye uyarladığı özyeterlik ölçeği ve sporcu-öğrencilerin akademik başarı ortalamaları kullanılmıştır. Veriler, üniversitenin spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören toplam 290 üniversite lisanslı sporcu-öğrenciden toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde lojistik regresyon analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, sporcu öğrencilerin yüksek öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin akademik başarılarının önemli bir yordayıcısı olduğunu göstermiştir. Sporcuların yaşı arttıkça akademik başarı oranları da artmaktadır; Kız sporcu öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre başarısız olma olasılıklarının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Diğer bir sonuç ise, sporcuların yeteneklerine güvenme algıları arttıkça akademik olarak başarılı olma olasılıklarının da arttığıdır. Bu sonuçlar yaş, cinsiyet ve yeteneklerine güvenmenin akademik başarının belirleyicisi olduğunu ve sporcu öz yeterliliğinin öğrencilerin eğitimleri süresince akademik başarılarında önemli bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarının sporculara yönelik gelecekteki araştırmalara ve eğitimsel önleme ve müdahale çabalarına yön vermede önemli bir faktör olduğu söylenebilir.
Kaynakça
- 1. Akbaba, S. (2004). Psychological health protective guidance and psychological counseling. (3th ed.). (pp.149). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- 2. Aktop, A., & Erman, K.A. (2006): Relationship between achievement motivation, trait anxiety and self-esteem. Biology of Sport, 23(2),127-141. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000361
- 3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control; Freeman, W.H., Ed.; Times Books, Henry Holt & Co.: New York, NY, USA.
- 4. Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, C.V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Self-Efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories, Child Development, 72(1), 187–206.
- 5. Borggrefe, C., & Cachay, K. (2012). Dual careers: The structural coupling of elite sport and school exemplified by the German verbund systeme. Eur. J. Sport Soc, 9, 57–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2012.11687889
- 6. Carter, V.E. (1973). Good, dictionary of education, (4th ed.) New York: McGraw Hill Book Company,
- 7. Cengiz, R., Aytan, K.G., & Abakay, U. (2012). The relationship between self-efficacy levels and leadership qualities that the taekwondo athlete perceive; E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7(4). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/nwsaspor/issue/20131/213778
- 8. Chemers, M. M., Hu, L.-t., & Garcia, B. F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.55
- 9. Cheung, C. K., & Kwok, S.T. (2009). Activities and academic achievement among collage students, The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329809596142
- 10. Chatfield C., & Collins A. (1980). Introduction to Multivariate Analysis. (1st ed.) Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203749999
- 11. Daley, A. J., & Ryan, J. (2000). Academic performance and participation in physical activity by secondary adolescents, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 91, 531–534. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.91.2.531
- 12. Eccles, J. S., Adler, T. F., Futterman, R., Goff, S. B., Kaczala, C. M., Meece, J., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives (pp. 75–146). San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman
- 13. Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 98. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
- 14. Elias, S. M., & MacDonald, S. (2007). Using past performance, proxy efficacy, and academic self-efficacy to predict college performance, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(11), 2518-2531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00268.x
- 15. Elhan, A.H. (1997). Review of Logistic Regression Analysis and Implementation in Medicine. (PhD thesis in biostatistics) A.U., 4-29, Ankara
- 16. Eratlı Şirin, Y., & Şahin, M. (2020). Investigation of factors affecting the achievement of university students with logistic regression analysis: School of physical education and sport example, Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902082
- 17. Gao, Z., Lee, A.M., & Harrison, L. (2008). Understanding students’ motivation in sport and physical education: From the expectancy-value model and self-efficacy theory perspectives, Quest, 60, 236–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483579
- 18. Gibbons, RD., & Hedeker, D. (1996). Random effects probit and logistic regression models for three-level data, Biometrika, 42, 121- 130.
- 19. Heise, M.A., & Myers, R.H. (1996). Optimal designs for bivariate logistic regression, Biometrics, 14, 613-623.
- 20. Hosmer, WD., & Lemeshow, S. (1989). Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons, America.
- 21. Lindner, K. J. (1999). Sports participation and perceived academic performance of school children and youth, Pediatric Exercise Science, 11,129–143. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.14.2.155
- 22. MacNab, Bailey Ann, (2015). Student-Athlete Academic and Athletic Identity and Self-Efficacy, LSU Master's Theses. 3476. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3476
- 23. Malpass, J. R., O’neil, J., Harold, F., & Hocevar, D. (1999). Self-regulation, goal orientation, self-efficacy, wory and high stakes math achievement for mathematically gifted high school students, Roeper Review, 21 (4), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199909553976
- 24. O'Neill, Maureen M., Allen, Bill., & Calder, Angela M. (2013). Pressures to perform: An interview study of Australian high performance school-age athletes-perceptions of balancing their school and sporting lives. Performance Enhancement & Health. 2(3),87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2013.06.001
- 25. Öcel, H. The relationships of collective efficacy beliefs, self efficacy beliefs and group cohesiveness with success evaluations and expectancies in sports teams. Master's thesis, Hacettepe University, 2002. Ankara
- 26. Rankin, S., Merson, D., Garvey, J.C., Sorgen, C.H., Menon, I., Loya, K., & Oseguera, L. (2016). The Influence of Climate on the Academic and Athletic Success of Student-Athletes: Results from a Multi-Institutional National Study. The Journal of Higher Education 87(5), 701-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2016.11777419
- 27. Riggs, M. L., Warka, J., Babasa, B., Betancourt, R., & Hooker, S. (1994). Development and validation of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy scales for job-related applications. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54(3), 793–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164494054003026
- 28. Scott, A, & Wild C.J. (1990). Fitting logistic regression models in stratified case-control studies. Biometrics,47:497-510.
- 29. Şahin, M. & Efe, E. (2018). Determining the factors affecting birth weight by using logistic regression method, Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 1 (2), 22-27. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bshealthscience/issue/38738/451235
- 30. Tahtalı, Y., Şahin. M., & Bayburt, L. (2020). Comparison of different growth curve models in romanov lambs, Kafkas University Veterinary Faculty Journal, 26(5),609-615. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2020.23954
- 31. Van Raalte, J.L., Vincent, A., & Brewer, B.W. (2016). Self-talk: Review and sport-specific model. Psychol. Sport Exerc., 22, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.004
- 32. Van Rens, F.E., Elling, A., & Reijgersberg, N. (2015). Topsport Talent Schools in the Netherlands: A retrospective analysis of the effect on performance in sport and education. Int. Rev. Sociol. Sport, 50, 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690212468585
- 33. Yalçınöz, E., & Şahin, M. (2020). Modelıng of Egg Productıon Curves in Poultry. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Agriculture and Nature. 23 (5); 1373 – 1778. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.691069
- 34. Yavuz, E. , Önem, A. B. , Kaya, F. , Çanga, D. & Şahin, M. (2019). Modeling of Individual Growth Curves in Japanese Quails . Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(1),11-15 Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bsengineering/issue/42084/479709
- 35. Zajacova, A., Lynch, S.M. & Espenshade, T.J. Self-Efficacy, Stress, and Academic Success in College. Res High Educ 46, 677–706 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-004-4139-z
- 36. Zimmerman, B.J. Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 2000, 25, 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1016