YAPAY ZEKÂ ÇAĞINDA NİŞ MEDYA VE GAZETECİLİĞİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: SİSTEMATİK BİR LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Öz

Bu çalışma, yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin niş medya ve gazetecilik pratikleri üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen güncel uluslararası akademik literatürü sistematik bir biçimde ele almaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, alandaki kuramsal yönelimleri, metodolojik eğilimleri ve ampirik bulguları bütünleşik bir çerçevede sunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda Web of Science, Scopus ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında kapsamlı bir tarama yürütülmüştür. PRISMA protokolü çerçevesinde belirlenen ve 2020-2026 yılları arasındaki güncel literatürden seçilen çalışmalar, tematik sentez yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, yapay zekânın niş medya ekosisteminde dört ana eksende dönüştürücü bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir: (i) hiperyerel ve topluluk temelli gazetecilikte otomatik içerik üretimi, (ii) ideolojik ve alternatif medyada algoritmik yaygınlaştırma ve kişiselleştirilmiş yankı odaları, (iii) konu odaklı dikey yayıncılıkta büyük dil modellerinin araçsallaştırılma pratikleri ve (iv) platforma bağımlı girişimci gazetecilikte yapay zekâ destekli izleyici analitiği. Araştırmada; algoritmik gazetecilik, insan-makine iş birliği, veri etiği, şeffaflık, algoritmik önyargı, haber çeşitliliği ve yapay zekâ okuryazarlığı temalarının merkezî tartışma hatlarını oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu tarama, yapay zekânın niş medyada hem demokratik potansiyeli artıran hem de mevcut eşitsizlikleri derinleştiren dikotomik yapısını açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma aynı zamanda insan-makine iş birliği modellerine, algoritmik hesap verebilirliğe ve izleyici çalışmalarına duyulan kritik ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yapay zekâ
• niş medya
• algoritmik gazetecilik
• otomatik haber üretimi
• büyük dil modelleri

The Transformation of Niche Media and Journalism in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review

Öz

This study systematically examines the current international academic literature investigating the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on niche media and journalistic practices. The main objective is to present theoretical orientations, methodological trends, and empirical findings in an integrated framework. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive search in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. We analysed studies selected from the literature between 2020 and 2026, as defined by the PRISMA protocol, using thematic synthesis. The findings demonstrate that artificial intelligence plays a transformative role in the niche media ecosystem along four main axes: (i) automated content generation in hyperlocal and community-based journalism, (ii) algorithmic dissemination and personalised echo chambers in ideological and alternative media, (iii) instrumentalisation practices of large language models in topic-focused vertical publishing, and (iv) AI-assisted audience analytics in platform-dependent entrepreneurial journalism. The research examines algorithmic journalism, human-machine collaboration, data ethics, transparency, algorithmic bias, news diversity, and AI literacy as central themes. This analysis clearly reveals the dichotomous nature of AI in niche media, where it both enhances democratic potential and deepens existing inequalities. The research also highlights the critical need for human-machine collaboration models, algorithmic accountability, and audience studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• artificial intelligence
• niche media
• algorithmic journalism
• automated news production
• large language models

Kaynakça

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