SOME ASPECTS OF THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN CONDOMINIUM RULE IN SUDAN (1899-1914)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 16, 76 - 90, 16.01.2019

İsmail Hakkı Göksoy

Öz

Although Sudan together with Egypt had been officially a part of Ottoman Empire, the country came

under the joint administration of Anglo-Egyptian condominium rule in 1899. Afterwards, the British authorities

tried to separate Sudan from Egypt in terms of its political and administrative systems. They administered the

country as a separate and autonomous region with the “condominium agreement” of 1899. Initially there was a

British governor-general who came originly from military personnel. He was responsible for the administration of

the country at the top level. Later on a civillian British governor-general was appointed to that post. Various

administrative departments connected to the office of governor-general were created gradually, which had

responsibility in the administration of the country. An advisory council attached to the governor-general’s office

was formed from senior officials to help him in administrative affairs. In addition, the British established the civil,

financial and legal departments as well as the political and intelligence unit called as “Sudan agent”. All the

departments were headed by the British officials at the top levels, while the Eyptian officials were working at the

lower levels of the administration and their numbers were kept in a limited one. The proportion of local Sudanese

elements in the administration has been tried to gradually increase. The British followed a careful and balanced

policy towards the local tribes and developed various ties with them. The native people so became more adoptable

to accept the current system of administration, and they were encouraged to take over the posts at the lower levels.

Although Sudan was depended initially on the Eyptian budget in terms of financial matters, it reached gradually

to a sufficient level to form its own budget. The Anglo-Eyptian condominium rule applied in the country before

the First World War constituted a basis for Sudan's emergence as an independent state in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sudan, Anglo-Eyptian Sudan, British Rule in Sudan

Kaynakça

• Abbas, Mekki, The Sudan Question, Faber & Faber, London 1951. Abd al-Rahim, Muddathir, Imperialism and Nationalism in the Sudan, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1969. Arthur, George, Life of Lord Kitchener, Vol. I, Macmillan, London 1977. Bates, D., The Fashoda Incident of 1898, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York 1984. Besher, M. O., The Southern Sudan: Background to Conflict, Khartum University Press, Khartum 1970. Bilgenoğlu, Ali, “İngiliz Sömürgeciliğinin Mısır ve Sudan Örneğinde Karşılaştırmalı bir Çözümlemesi”, Dokuz Eylül University, Graduate Institute of Social Sciences, Department of History, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, İzmir 2013. Budge, E.A. Wallis, The Egyptian Sudan: Its History and Monuments, Vol. II, Kegan Paul, London 1907. Collins, R. O., Land Beyond the Rivers: The Southern Sudan, 1898-1919, Yale University Press, New Haven/London, 1971.