POLITEIA SÖZCÜĞÜNÜN HERMENÖTİĞİ

Öz

Hukuk felsefesinin ve siyaset biliminin temel kavramı olan Politeia sözcüğü devlet, anayasa, cumhuriyet gibi muhtelif anlamlarda kullanılan bir terimdir. Söz konusu sözcüğün çok sayıda anlama sahip olması ilk bakışta kafa karıştırıcı gibi görünse bile hermenötik açıdan ilk çağdaki hukuk, etik ve siyaset anlayışını kavramaya ışık tutabilir. Bu amaçla, bu çalışma günümüze kadar gelebilmiş olan ilk çağ eserlerinde Politeia terimine izafe edilmiş olan her anlamı ele almak ve söz konusu anlamlar arasındaki muhtemel hermenötik bağlantıları kurmak suretiyle meseleyi derinlemesine analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu yöntem sayesinde Politeia teriminin sahip olduğu anlamların tamamının aydınlatılmasıyla kalınmaması, ilk çağdaki hukuki ve siyasi anlayışın kavranmasının kolaylaşması umulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Politeia
• Res Publica
• Devlet
• Cumhuriyet
• Anayasa

HERMENEUTICS OF THE WORD POLITEIA

Abstract

Politeia (Πολιτεία in Hellenic) as a fundamental concept of legal philosophy and political philosophy can be interpreted in various meanings such as state, constitution, republic, citizenship etc. Though the fact that this term has a broad scale of meaning might, prima facie, seem confusing, such nature of the concept can, in light of its hermeneutics, hold light to ancient conception of law, ethics and politics. To this end, this study aims a thorough analysis of the concept by handling every meaning attached to the term Politeia in ancient texts that survive today, and suggesting possible hermeneutic connections between those meanings. It is expected that this method would not only clarify the entire possible meanings of the term Politeia, but would help understanding ancient legal and political conceptions of the ancient times.

Keywords

• Politeia
• Res Publica
• State
• Republic
• Constitution

Kaynakça

1. Arajo, Carolina. Cooperative Flourishing in Plato’s 'Republic': A Theory of Justice. Bloomsbury, 2022.
2. Aristotle. Constitution of Athens and Related Texts. Translated by Kurt von Fritz and Ernst Kapp. Riverside: Free Press, 1970.
3. Aristotle. Staat Der Athener. Vol. 88. Translated by A. E. Raubitschek. Classical Association of the Middle West and South, 1993.
4. Aristotle. The Athenian Constitution. New York: Start Publishing LLC, 2020.
5. Bielskis, Andrius. "Towards the conception of post-modern politics: the Aristotelian polis vs. the modern nation-state." Filosofija. Sociologija 3-4. 2008, 83-89.
6. Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar. The Theory of the State. Kitchener: Batoche Books, 1999.
7. Cherry, Kevin. "Lawgivers, Virtue, and the Mixed Regime: Reflections on Richard Bodéüs’s the Political Dimensions of Aristotle’s Ethics." Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review/Revue canadienne de philosophie 59.1. 2020, 31-50.
8. Claussen, Emma. Politics and 'Politiques' in Sixteenth Century France: A Conceptual History. India: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

9. Dallmayr, Fred. The Promise of Democracy: Political Agency and Transformation. United States of America: State University of New York Press, 2010.
10. Edmondson, Jonathan. Augustus. Edinburgh University Press, 24 Mar 2014.
11. Esu, Alberto. "Divided power and ευνομια: Deliberative procedures in ancient sparta." The Classical Quarterly 67.2. 2017, 353-373.
12. Eveleth, Lois. "Plato and the Justice That Is Harmony". 2022.
13. Harte, V. & Lane M. “Introduction”, Politeia in Greek and Roman Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 2013, 1-12.
14. Herzfeld, Michael. Subversive Archaism: Troubling Traditionalists and the Politics of National Heritage. United States of America: Duke University Press, 2021.
15. Hock, Hans Henrich. Principles of Historical Linguistics. Germany: De Gruyter, 2020.
16. Hodgson, Louise. Res Publica And the Roman Republic:'Without Body or Form'. Oxford University Press, 2016.
17. Hoppe, Robert. "Policy, governing and politicality." European policy analysis 5.2. 2019, 150-169.
18. Kasher, Aryeh. The Jews in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt: The Struggle for Equal Rights. Germany: J.C.B. Mohr, 1985.
19. Kennedy, Geoff. "Cicero, Roman republicanism and the contested meaning of libertas." Political Studies 62.3. 2014, 488-501.
20. Kim, Wook-Dong. Kazantzakis’s Zorba the Greek: Five Readings. United Kingdom: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019.
21. Koch, G. Adolf. Republican Religion: The American Revolution and the Cult of Reason. United Kingdom: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2009.
22. Kraut, Richard. Aristotle: Political Philosophy. Spain: Oxford University Press, 2002.
23. Laske, Caroline. Law, Language and Change: A Diachronic Semantic Analysis of Consideration in the Common Law. Brill, 2020. ProQuest Ebook Central.
24. Lásźló, Érvíń. Individualism, Collectivism, and Political Power: A Relational Analysis of Ideological Conflict. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1963. Accessed April 19, 2023. ProQuest Ebook Central.
25. Lewis, John. Early Greek Lawgivers (Classical World). London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2007.
26. Luce, John Victor. "The" Polis" in Homer and Hesiod." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature. 1978, 1-15.
27. Maddox, Graham. "A Note on the Meaning of ‘Constitution’." American Political Science Review 76.4.1982, 805-809.
28. McConnell, Sean. "Magnitudo Animi and Cosmic Politics in Cicero's De Re Publica" The Classical Journal 113.1 (2017): 45-70.
29. Mijuskovic, Olivera Z. "Aristotle s concept of the state." SOCRATES 4.4. 2016, 13-20.
30. Millar, Fergus. "Triumvirate and principate." The Journal of Roman Studies 63. 1973, 50-67.
31. Montebello, Mark F. "Plato on" sociability" and its educational transmission.". 1992.Neocleous, Mark. "Social police and the mechanisms of prevention." British journal of criminology 40.4. 2000, 710-726.
32. Mulgan, Richard. "Aristotle and the value of political participation." Political Theory 18.2 (1990): 195-215.
33. Mulhern, John J. "Politeia as Citizenship in Aristotle." (2012).
34. Murphy, Peter. “Civility and Radicalism”, The Social Philosophy of Agnes Heller. Netherlands: Rodopi, 1994.
35. Norborg, Christopher Sverre. From Plato to Hitler: Interpretations of History. United States of America: Burgess Publishing Company, 1940.
36. Notomi, Noburu. "Freedom and the State in Plato’s Politeia (Republic): Reconsidering the concept of ‘politeia’." JASCA (Japan Studies in Classical Antiquity) 3. 2017.
37. Ogilvie, John. A Smaller English Dictionary. 2023.
38. Palonen, Kari. "Four times of politics: Policy, polity, politicking, and politicization." Alternatives 28.2. 2003, 171-186.
39. Platon. Der Staat / Politeia: Griechisch - Deutsch. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, Inc., 2011. Accessed April 19, 2023. ProQuest Ebook Central.
40. Saccal, Alessandro. "A Probabilistic Analysis of Governmental Forms". (2022).
41. Sartori, Giovanni. "Constitutionalism: a preliminary discussion." American Political Science Review 56.4. 1962, 853-864.
42. Schabert, Tilo. Boston politics: the creativity of power. Germany: W. de Gruyter, 1989.
43. Schütrumpf, Eckart. The Earliest Translations of Aristotle's Politics and the Creation of Political Terminology. Btill, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central.
44. Seebohm, Thomas M. Hermeneutics: method and methodology. Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 2004.
45. Sparkes, A. W. "Idiots, Ancient and Modern.", Politics Vol 23, Issue 1. 1988, 101-102.
46. Stevenson, Tom. "Readings of Scipio’s Dictatorship in Cicero’s De re publica (6.12)." The Classical Quarterly 55.1. 2005, 140-152.
47. Weber, Max. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. United Kingdom: Routledge, 1991.