THE IMPACT OF THE US ON THE ARMAMENT PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF SAUDI ARABIA'S SECURITY PERCEPTIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 376 - 390, 30.01.2019

Mevlüt Akçapa

Öz

In recent years Saudi Arabia has attracted attention with the increase in arms purchases. Alterations in the security perception of the Riyadh administration with regional developments in the Arab Spring and beyond. This is one of the reasons for this increase. The strategic relationship with the US is the most important factor shaping Saudi Arabia's armament process. Taking into account, factors such as the US shaping the balance of power in the Middle East, the security of Israel and the control of energy resources, the US gives priority to the armament of Saudi Arabia, which is its ally. The Obama administration's agreement with the Saudi administration in 2010, over a 60 billion dollar weapon agreement, strikingly demonstrated the extent of the defense-based strategic relationship between the two countries. After Obama, Trump also confirmed the strategic relationship between the two countries by signing the largest arms agreement in the US history in Riyadh. Factors such as changes in the regional equation, the Saudi Arabia-Iran competition, and threats from Iraq and Yemen affect the security concerns of Saudi decision-makers. The study analyzes the extent and nature of the US influence in Saudi Arabia's armament process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Saudi Arabia, USA, Armament, Weapon Agreement, Security

SOĞUK SAVAŞ SONRASI DÖNEMDE SUUDİ ARABİSTAN’IN GÜVENLİK ALGILAMALARI BAĞLAMINDA SİLAHLANMA

Öz

Suudi Arabistan son yıllarda silah alımlarındaki artışla dikkat çekmektedir. Arap Baharı ve sonrasında yaşanan bölgesel gelişmelerle beraber Riyad yönetimin güvenlik algısındaki değişim; bu artışın sebeplerinin başında gelmektedir. ABD ile kurduğu stratejik ilişki Suudi Arabistan’ın silahlanma sürecini şekillendiren en önemli unsurdur. ABD, Orta Doğu’daki güç dengesinin istediği biçimde şekillenmesi, İsrail’in güvenliği ve enerji kaynaklarının kontrolü gibi faktörleri hesaba katarak; ittifak ilişkisi içinde olduğu Suudi Arabistan’ın silahlandırılması konusuna öncelik vermektedir. Obama yönetiminin 2010 yılında Suudi yönetimiyle tek seferde imzaladığı 60 milyar dolar üzerindeki silah anlaşması, iki ülke arasındaki savunma temelli stratejik ilişkinin boyutunu çarpıcı bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Obama sonrasında Trump da, Riyad'da ABD tarihinin en büyük silah anlaşmasını imzalayarak iki ülke arasındaki stratejik ilişkiyi teyit etmiştir. Bölgesel denklemde meydana gelen değişimler, Suudi Arabistan-İran rekabeti, Irak ve Yemen kaynaklı tehditler gibi faktörler de Suudi karar alıcıların güvenlik kaygılarını etkilemektedir. Çalışmada, Suudi Arabistan’ın silahlanma sürecindeki ABD etkisinin boyutu ve niteliği analiz edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suudi Arabistan, ABD, Silahlanma, Silah Anlaşması, Güvenlik

Kaynakça

• Alsharani, S., & Alsadiq, A. (2014, January). Economic Growth and Government Spending. From International Monetary Fund: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2014/wp1403.pdf
• Ayhan, V. (2014, December 4). Yemen-Saudi Arabia Relations: Riyadh's Yemen Policy. On January 5, 2016, the Institute of Social Economic and Political Studies was taken from: http://sesaenstitusu.org/yemen-suudi-arabistan-iliskileri-riyadin-yemen-politikasi/
• Balle, J. (2015). About BGM-71 TOW. Taken at AeroWeb: http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/BGM-71-TOW.html on April 20, 2015
• Blanchard, C. (2010). Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Pat. Relations. Congressional Research Service.
• Blanchard, C. M. (2018). Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Pat. Relations. Congressional Research Service.
• Chun, C. (2010). Do Oil Exports Fuel Defense Spending? Strategic Studies Institute.
• Defense Security Cooperation Agency. (2010, October 20). Saudi Arabia - AH-64D APACHE, UH-60M BLACKHAWK, AH-6i Light Attack, and MD-530F Light Turbine Helicopters. Taken from Defense Security Cooperation Agency: http://dsca.mil/sites/default/files/mas/saudi_arabia_10-44_0.pdf on March 10, 2015
• Defense Security Cooperation Agency. (2010, October 20). Saudi Arabia - F-15SA Aircraft. Taken from Defense Security Cooperation Agency: http://dsca.mil/sites/default/files/mas/saudi_arabia_10-43_0_0.pdf on March 10, 2015
• Deloitte. (2014). Global Defense Outlook 2014. Deloitte.
• Deutsche Welle. (2015, April 13). Saudi Arabia military spending: $ 80bn: SIPRI report. Issued on April 20, 2015 at Deutsche Welle: http://www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabia-military-spending-rises-to-80bn-sipri-report/a-18377310
• Efegil, E. (2013). Factors shaping Saudi Arabia's foreign policy. On March 18, 2015 at Middle East Strategic Research Center: http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosyalar/2013529_ertanefegil.pdf
• Entous, A. (2010, September 10). Saudi Arms Deal Advances. Received on March 25, 2015 from The Wall Street Journal: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704621204575488361149625050
• Freeman, S., & Solmırano, C. (2013). Trends in the World Mılıtary Expendıture, 2013. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
• Freeman, S., Fleurant, A., Wezeman, P., & Wezeman, S. (2015). Trends In World Military Expenditure, 2014. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
• Grimmett, R. (2008). Conventional Arms. Congressional Research Service.
• Grimmett, R. (2009). BASE. Arms Sales: Aggregates with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 2001-2008. Congressional Research Service.Guzansky, Y., & Eran, O. (2015, February 24). On the Road to Nuclear Iran, Israel and Saudi Arabia Are on Diverging Paths. On May 16, 2015 from Haaretz: http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.643836
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). (2015, March 30). Saudi Arabia - Selected Military Capabilities. On April 15, 2015 from International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): http://www.iiss.org/en/militarybalanceblog/blogsections/2015-090c/march-02a5/saudi-military-capabilities-77c4
• Kemaloğlu, İ. (2013). Russia's Share in the Middle East Arms Market. Middle East Analysis.
• Kottasova, I. (2015, April 13). Saudi Arabia Received on April 27, 2015 at CNN: http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/13/news/economy/military-spending-saudi-arabia/
• Lamothe, D. (2015, March 26). How U.S. Pat. weapons The Washington Post on April 15, 2015: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/03/26/how-us-weapons-will-play-a-large-role-in-saudi -arabias-war-in-yemen / from
• Pillalamarri, A. (2015, March 28). 3 Saudi Weapons of War Yemen's Houthis Should Fear. On April 15, 2015 The National Interest: 3 Saudi Weapons of War was taken from Yemen's Houthis Should Fear
• Pirincci, F. (2010). Armament and War The Impact of the Armament Initiatives in the Middle East on Global and Regional Security (Cold War). Bursa: Dora Publications
• Pirinççi, F. (2011). US-Saudi Arabia Weapon Agreement. Received on January 22, 2015 from the Academic Middle East: http://www.akademikortadogu.com/belge/ortadogu10makale/ferhat_pirincci.pdf
• Pirinççi, F. (2018). Dynamics That Affect Arming in the Middle East: Buyers and Suppliers in the Arab Spring. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 287-309.
• Pollack, J. (2002). Saudi Arabia and the United States, 1931-2002. On March 10, 2015 from Middle East Review of International Affairs: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~twod/oil-ns/articles/research-07/research-saudi/pollack.pdf
• Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). (2015, March 3). SIPRI Arms Transfers Database. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI): http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers
• Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). (no date). SIPRI Military Expenditure Database. On March 10, 2015 at Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI): http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/milex_database
• The Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition-. (no date). 12 02, 2018 on IMCTC: https://imctc.org/English/About
• Trump arrives in Saudi Arabia in first foreign trip. (2017, May 20). Retrieved December 15, 2018, from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/trump-arrives-saudi-arabia-foreign-trip-170520063253596.html
• U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2014, September 10). Country Analysis Brief: Saudi Arabia. On Jan. 15, 2015; Energy Information Administration: Received at http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis_includes/countries_long/Saudi_Arabia/saudi_arabia.pdf
• U.S.Energy Information Administration. (2015, March 25). Petroleum & Other Liquids. BASE. Energy Information Administration: taken from http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=F000000__3&f=A