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A COMPARISON FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCES OF THE TURKISH METROPOLITANS’

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 313 - 321, 28.02.2019

Öz

Since 1950’s Turkey had to face with rapid urbanization caused by
population growth and migration. Therefore, like many other developing
countries, country has been experiencing environmental problems. The spread of
residential areas transformed forests and agricultural lands into urban,
increased water consumption and air pollution enhanced the stress on ecosystem.
The objective of this study is to measure urban environmental sustainability of
densely populated cities in Turkey and rank their environmental performances.
With this aim an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is proposed since AHP
is an efficient method in complex decision making processes. Five indicators
such as; particulate equivalent, forest area, drawn water, wastewater
discharged and, wastes are employed in the model. The results indicate that
Bursa has the highest environmental sustainability score. It is followed by
İzmir, Adana, Kocaeli, Mersin, İstanbul and Antalya. The lowest rated cities are
Konya, Ankara and Gaziantep. Besides, there exist a positive relationship
between environmental performances of the metropolitans and income.

Kaynakça

  • ACZEL, J., SAATY, T. (1983) Procedures for Synthesizing Ratio Judgements. J. Math. Psychol., 27, 93–102, DOI:10.1016/0022-2496(83)90028-7.AL-SAIDI, M., BİRNBAUM, D., BURITI, R., DIEK, E., HASSELBRING, C., JIMENEZ, A., WOINOWSKI, D. (2016) Water Resources Vulnerability Assessment of MENA Countries Considering Energy and Virtual Water Interactions, Procedia Engineering, 145, 900-907, DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.117.EPI (2012) Environmental Performance Index, http://www.ciesin.org/documents/2012-epi-full-report.pdf (25/10/2018).EPI (2018) Environmental Performance Index, https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-topline (25/10/2018).EVI (2005) Environmental Vulnerability Index, http://www.vulnerabilityindex.net/sdm_downloads/934/ (25/10/2018).GDF (2015) Republic of Turkey General Directorate of Forestry. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/lang/en/Pages/Forests/TurkeyForests.aspx (25/01/2019).GÓMEZ-NAVARRO, T., GARCÍA-MELÓN, M., ACUÑA-DUTRA, S., DÍAZ-MARTÍN, D. (2009) An Environmental Pressure Index Proposal for Urban Development Planning Based on the Analytic Network Process. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 29(5), 319-329, DOI:10.1016/j.eiar.2008.10.004.KÖNE, A.Ç., BÜKE, T. (2017) Eco-Efficiency Analysis Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach. Int. J. Anal. Hierarchy Process, 9(2), 167-182, DOI: 10.13033/ijahp.v9i2.477.OECD (1999) Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey, https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/oecd-environmental-performance-reviews-turkey-1999_9789264173804-en#page1 (08/01/2019).OECD (2008) Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey (2008), http://www.oecd.org/env/country-reviews/environmentalperformancereviewsturkey2008.htm (10/01/2019) ISBN: 9789264049154. RUSSO, R.D.F.S.M., CAMANHO, R. (2015) Criteria in AHP: A Systematic Review of Literature. Procedia Computer Science, 55, 1123-1132, DOI:10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.081.SAATY, T.L. (1980) The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Planning, Priority Setting, and Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, ISBN:0070543712, 9780070543713.SAATY, T.L. (1985) Analytical Planning the Organization of Systems, 1st Edition, Pergamon Press, NewYork, ISBN:9781483153964.SAATY, T.L. (1986) Absolute and Relative Measurement with the AHP. The Most Livable Cities in the United States. Socioecon. Plann. Sci., 20(6), pp. 327–331, DOI:0038-0121/86$3.00+0.00.SAATY, T.L. (2000) Fundamentals of Decision Making and Priority Theory with Analytic Hierarchy Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, ISBN:1888603151, 9781888603156.SHW (2012) General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, Land&Water Resources, http://en.dsi.gov.tr/land-water-resources (17/01/2019).TURKSTAT (2018) Regional Statistics, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/anaSayfa.do?dil=en (03/01/2019).TURKSTAT (2019) Gross Domestic Product by Province, 2015-2017, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30888 (17/01/2019).UNICEF (2010) http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/Turkey_statistics.html#78, (24.11.2011).
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yağmur Kara

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kara, Y. (2019). A COMPARISON FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCES OF THE TURKISH METROPOLITANS’. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 313-321.