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TRADEMARK RIGHT EXHAUSTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM POST BREXIT

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 70 - 81, 31.01.2023

Öz

Marka hakkı sahibine tanınan münhasır yetkinin sınırsız olması ticari hayatın olağan akışını olumsuz etkiler. Marka hakkı sahibinin yetkilerinin kamu menfaati lehine sınırlanması gerekliliği, tüketilme ilkesinin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. İlk satıştan sonra hak sahibinin markalı ürünlerin sonraki satışlarına müdahale edememesi tüketilme ilkesini tanımlar.
Tüketilme ilkesinden söz edebilmek için, markalı ürünlerin hak sahibi tarafından ya da izniyle üçüncü kişi tarafından piyasaya sürülmesi gerekmektedir. Ürünlerin satışa sunulduğu coğrafi bölgeye göre üç çeşit tüketilme sistemi mevcuttur. Ulusal, bölgesel ve uluslararası tüketilme. Seçilen tüketilme sisteminin etkisi paralel ithalat üzerinde görülmektedir. Ulusal ve bölgesel tüketilmede, tüketilmenin uygulandığı bölge dışından gelen paralel ithalatın engellenmesi mümkündür. Ancak uluslararası tüketilmenin uygulandığı yerlerde, ilk satış ile marka hakkı tüketildiğinden, paralel ithalatın engellenmesi mümkün değildir.
Birleşik Krallık, AB üyesi iken bölgesel tüketilme sistemi uygulanmaktaydı. Geçiş süresi boyunca da bölgesel tüketilme uygulanmaya devam etmiştir. Brexit Anlaşması ile AB üyeliğinden ayrılan Birleşik Krallıkta asimetrik tüketilme olarak adlandırılabilecek bir sistem uygulanmaktadır. Söz konusu sistem Birleşik Krallık tarafından uygulanan tek taraflı bir bölgesel tüketilme sistemidir. Çalışmamızın amacı Birleşik Krallık’ta uygulanmakta olan mevcut tüketilme sistemini incelemektir. Asimetrik tükenmeye göre, Avrupa Ekonomik Bölgesi'nde (EEA) ilk kez piyasaya sürülen ürünler üzerindeki marka hakkı, Birleşik Krallık sınırları içinde tükenmiş sayılır. EEA'dan Birleşik Krallık'a paralel ithalat, marka hakkı sahibi tarafından engellenemez. EEA üyesi devletler, Birleşik Krallık'tan yapılan paralel ithalatı engelleyebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Aslan, A., (2004). Türk ve AB Hukukunda Fikri Mülkiyet Haklarının Tükenmesi, İstanbul: Beta Basım.
  • Aslan Düzgün, Ü. (2018), İltibas Suretiyle Markaya Tecavüz, TAAD, 9/36, 143-170.
  • Brankin, S.P., Headdon T., (2022), Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights in the UK post Brexit-asymmetry to continue indefinitely, https://www.bristows.com/news/exhaustion-of-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-uk-post-brexit-asymmetry-to-continue-indefinitel, Access date: 10.10.2022.
  • Bonadio, E., (2011), Parallel Imports in a Global Market: Should a Generalised International Exhaustion be the Next Step?, European International Propert Review, 33(3), 153-161.
  • Calboli, I., (2016), Trademark Exhaustion and Free Movement of Goods: A Comparative Analysis of the EU/EEA, NAFTA and ASEAN, TTLF Working Papers, 25,1-41. Countries in the EU and EEA, https://www.gov.uk/eu-eea, Access date: 15.11.2022.
  • Çamlıbel Taylan, E. (2001), Marka Hakkının Kullanımıyla Paralel İthalatın Önlenmesi, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Dobrin, S. and A. Chochia, (2016), The Concept of Trademark Exhaustion and Parallel Imports: A Comparative Analysis between the EU and the USA, Baltic Journal of European Studies, 6-2/21, 28-57.
  • Exhaustion Of IP Rights and Parallel Trade, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/exhaustion-of-ip-rights-and-parallel-trade, Access date: 10.10.2022.
  • EU Exit and the Northern Ireland Protocol, https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/eu-exit-and-northern-ireland-protocol, Access date: 10.11.2022.
  • Gill, I. and S. Power, Exhausted? You’re not alone. What next for parallel imports after Brexit? https://www.aathornton.com/parallel-imports-after-brexit/, Acess date: 18.11.2022.
  • Hayes, A. (2021), Brexit Meaning anf Impact: The Truth About the UK Leaving the EU, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brexit.asp, Access date: 10.10.2022.
  • Harris, G. And Ailsa Carter, (2022), Exhaustion of Patent and Trademark Rights in the United Kingdom, https://gowlingwlg.com/en/insights-resources/articles/2022/exhaustion-of-patent-trademark-rights-in-the-uk/, Access date: 25.11.2022.
  • Jehoram, H. C., (1999), Prohobition of Parallel Imports Through Intellectual Property Rights, IIC, 495-511.
  • Karaca, E., (2015), Hukuki Açıdan Marka ve Marka Hakkı, The Journal of Europe Middle East Social Science Studies, 1/1, 39-48.
  • Karslıoğlu, İ., (2019), Gri Pazarlama ve Paralel İthalat Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8/3, 2734-2754.
  • Küçükali, C., (2020), 6769 Sayılı Kanun Kapsamında Markanın Hükümsüzlüğü, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19/38, 120-141.
  • Kyle, M. K., (2012), Parallel Trade in Pharmaceuticals: Firm Responses and Competition Policy. Fordham Competition Law Institute, 2012.
  • Liebelt, M., (2021), Parallel Imports into the UK and the EU after Brexit, https://www.vennershipley.co.uk/insights-events/parallel-imports-into-the-uk-and-the-eu-after-brexit/, Acess date: 25.11.2022.
  • Love, J. and R. Smalley-Gordon, (2021), Brexit and Exhaustion of Rights, https://www.womblebonddickinson.com/uk/insights/articles-and-briefings/brexit-and-exhaustion-rights, Access date: 15.10.2022.
  • Roberts, E., (2021), United Kingdom begins work on new post- exhaustion regime, https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/united-kingdom-begins-work-new-post-brexit-exhaustion-regime, Access date: 15.10.2022.
  • Schovsbo, J., (2010), Exhaustion of Rights and Common Principles of European Common Principles of European Intellectual Property Law, Tübingen, 2010, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1549526, 1-17, Access date: 15.11.2022.
  • Stephens, K., (2021), Brexit Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights, https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2019/uk/exhaustion-of-intellectual-property-rights-post-brexit, Access date: 10.11.2022.
  • Stobbs, J., (2021), Brexit- Impact on Exhaustion of Rights, http://trademarkblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/09/29/brexit-impact-on-exhaustion-of-rights, Acess date: 10.10.2022.
  • Tekinalp, Ü. (2005), Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku. İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.
  • Trogh, R., (2002), The International Exhaustion of Trademark Rights After Silhouette: The End of Parallel Imports?, Lund University.
  • United Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom, Access date: 10.11.2022.
  • USPTO, https://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en, Access date: 15.11.2022.
  • Verma, S. K., (1998), Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights and Free Trade- Article 6 of the TRIPS Agreement’’, IIC, 29/5, 534-567.
  • What is Brexit, https://www.government.nl/topics/brexit/question-and-answer/what-is-brexit, Acess date: 10.10.2022
  • WIPO, https://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en/, Acess date: 15.11.2022.

TRADEMARK RIGHT EXHAUSTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM POST BREXIT

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 70 - 81, 31.01.2023

Öz

The necessity of limiting the powers of the trademark right holder in favor of the public interest has led to the emergence of the principle of exhaustion. After the first sale, the right owner's inability to interfere with the subsequent sales of the branded products defines the principle of exhaustion.
In order to talk about the principle of exhaustion, branded products must be put on the market by the right owner. There are three types of exhaustion systems National, regional and international exhaustion. The effect of the chosen exhaustion system is seen on parallel imports. In national and regional exhaustion, it is possible to prevent parallel imports from outside the territory where exhaustion is applied. In places where international exhaustion is practiced, it is not possible to prevent parallel imports.
While the United Kingdom (UK) was a member of the European Union (EU), the regional exhaustion system was applied. During the transition period, regional exhaustion continued to be applied. Nowadays in the UK, which left the EU membership with the Brexit Agreement, a system that can be called asymmetric exhaustion is implemented. The system in question is a unilateral regional exhaustion system implemented by the UK. The aim of our study is to examine the current exhaustion system being implemented in the UK. According to asymmetric exhaustion, trademark right on the products that put on the market for the first time in European Economic Area (EEA) is considered as exhausted within borders of the UK. Parallel imports from the EEA to the UK cannot be prevented by the trademark owner. EEA member states can block parallel imports from the UK.

Kaynakça

  • Aslan, A., (2004). Türk ve AB Hukukunda Fikri Mülkiyet Haklarının Tükenmesi, İstanbul: Beta Basım.
  • Aslan Düzgün, Ü. (2018), İltibas Suretiyle Markaya Tecavüz, TAAD, 9/36, 143-170.
  • Brankin, S.P., Headdon T., (2022), Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights in the UK post Brexit-asymmetry to continue indefinitely, https://www.bristows.com/news/exhaustion-of-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-uk-post-brexit-asymmetry-to-continue-indefinitel, Access date: 10.10.2022.
  • Bonadio, E., (2011), Parallel Imports in a Global Market: Should a Generalised International Exhaustion be the Next Step?, European International Propert Review, 33(3), 153-161.
  • Calboli, I., (2016), Trademark Exhaustion and Free Movement of Goods: A Comparative Analysis of the EU/EEA, NAFTA and ASEAN, TTLF Working Papers, 25,1-41. Countries in the EU and EEA, https://www.gov.uk/eu-eea, Access date: 15.11.2022.
  • Çamlıbel Taylan, E. (2001), Marka Hakkının Kullanımıyla Paralel İthalatın Önlenmesi, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Dobrin, S. and A. Chochia, (2016), The Concept of Trademark Exhaustion and Parallel Imports: A Comparative Analysis between the EU and the USA, Baltic Journal of European Studies, 6-2/21, 28-57.
  • Exhaustion Of IP Rights and Parallel Trade, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/exhaustion-of-ip-rights-and-parallel-trade, Access date: 10.10.2022.
  • EU Exit and the Northern Ireland Protocol, https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/eu-exit-and-northern-ireland-protocol, Access date: 10.11.2022.
  • Gill, I. and S. Power, Exhausted? You’re not alone. What next for parallel imports after Brexit? https://www.aathornton.com/parallel-imports-after-brexit/, Acess date: 18.11.2022.
  • Hayes, A. (2021), Brexit Meaning anf Impact: The Truth About the UK Leaving the EU, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brexit.asp, Access date: 10.10.2022.
  • Harris, G. And Ailsa Carter, (2022), Exhaustion of Patent and Trademark Rights in the United Kingdom, https://gowlingwlg.com/en/insights-resources/articles/2022/exhaustion-of-patent-trademark-rights-in-the-uk/, Access date: 25.11.2022.
  • Jehoram, H. C., (1999), Prohobition of Parallel Imports Through Intellectual Property Rights, IIC, 495-511.
  • Karaca, E., (2015), Hukuki Açıdan Marka ve Marka Hakkı, The Journal of Europe Middle East Social Science Studies, 1/1, 39-48.
  • Karslıoğlu, İ., (2019), Gri Pazarlama ve Paralel İthalat Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8/3, 2734-2754.
  • Küçükali, C., (2020), 6769 Sayılı Kanun Kapsamında Markanın Hükümsüzlüğü, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19/38, 120-141.
  • Kyle, M. K., (2012), Parallel Trade in Pharmaceuticals: Firm Responses and Competition Policy. Fordham Competition Law Institute, 2012.
  • Liebelt, M., (2021), Parallel Imports into the UK and the EU after Brexit, https://www.vennershipley.co.uk/insights-events/parallel-imports-into-the-uk-and-the-eu-after-brexit/, Acess date: 25.11.2022.
  • Love, J. and R. Smalley-Gordon, (2021), Brexit and Exhaustion of Rights, https://www.womblebonddickinson.com/uk/insights/articles-and-briefings/brexit-and-exhaustion-rights, Access date: 15.10.2022.
  • Roberts, E., (2021), United Kingdom begins work on new post- exhaustion regime, https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/united-kingdom-begins-work-new-post-brexit-exhaustion-regime, Access date: 15.10.2022.
  • Schovsbo, J., (2010), Exhaustion of Rights and Common Principles of European Common Principles of European Intellectual Property Law, Tübingen, 2010, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1549526, 1-17, Access date: 15.11.2022.
  • Stephens, K., (2021), Brexit Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights, https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2019/uk/exhaustion-of-intellectual-property-rights-post-brexit, Access date: 10.11.2022.
  • Stobbs, J., (2021), Brexit- Impact on Exhaustion of Rights, http://trademarkblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/09/29/brexit-impact-on-exhaustion-of-rights, Acess date: 10.10.2022.
  • Tekinalp, Ü. (2005), Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku. İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.
  • Trogh, R., (2002), The International Exhaustion of Trademark Rights After Silhouette: The End of Parallel Imports?, Lund University.
  • United Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom, Access date: 10.11.2022.
  • USPTO, https://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en, Access date: 15.11.2022.
  • Verma, S. K., (1998), Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights and Free Trade- Article 6 of the TRIPS Agreement’’, IIC, 29/5, 534-567.
  • What is Brexit, https://www.government.nl/topics/brexit/question-and-answer/what-is-brexit, Acess date: 10.10.2022
  • WIPO, https://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en/, Acess date: 15.11.2022.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Gamze Küçükoba Doğan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçükoba Doğan, G. (2023). TRADEMARK RIGHT EXHAUSTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM POST BREXIT. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 70-81.