Öz

DNA technology, one of the most important scientific developments of this century, has entered our daily lives in all fields. Along with the intensive applications in medicine and agriculture, recently the technology has also become indispensable in forensic sciences. Formerly, taking into account that they differ between individuals, blood groups and enzymes were evaluated for personel identification. Nowadays, DNA polymorphism take place of this applications, in consideration of the advantages in polymorphism rates. After fifty years of scientific research, today DNA polymorphism is accepted by the court as one of the most reliable evidences in crime scene. Although in the beginning the analysis on DNA polymorphism requiring high quality of DNA had some technical limitations, the invention of PCR technology has overcome this problem and made it possible to evaluate trace amounts of sample. This development have increased the importance of the biological evidences on the crime scene. Today, DNA molecule derived from a single cell found in a crime scene can be evaluated and can give a % 99.999 accurate result for the court.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Forensic DNA analysis, Forensics, Polymorphism, Identification, Biological Evidence

ADLİ BİLİMLERDE DNA ANALİZLERİ

Öz

DNA teknolojisi içinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılın en önemli bilimsel gelişmelerinden biri olarak her alanda günlük hayatımıza girmiştir. Özellikle tıp ve ziraat alanında yoğun olarak kullanılan bu teknoloji son yıllarda adli bilimler için de vazgeçilmez hale gelmiştir. Geçmişte bireyler arası farklılıkları gözönüne alınarak kimliklendirmede kullanılan kan grupları ve enzim analizlerinin yerini bugün polimorfizm açısından avantajları sebebi ile DNA polimorfizmleri almıştır. Günümüzde mahkemelerde de kabul gören ve adli alanda en güvenilir delillerden birisi kabul edilen DNA profillendirmesinin bugünkü aşamaya gelmesi elli yılı aşan araştırmaların sonucudur. Başlangıçta yüksek kalitede DNA örneğine ihtiyaç duyulan teknikler ile gerçekleştirildiğinden adli olaylar açısından kısıtlayıcı yönleri olan analizler PCR’ın keşfi ile büyük ölçüde DNA’nın kalitesinden bağımsız hale gelmiş ve iz miktarda elde edilen delillere bile uygulanabilir hale gelmiştir. Bu gelişme olay yerinden elde edilen biyolojik delillerin önemini arttırmıştır. Bugün olay ile ilgili deliller üzerinde bulunan tek bir sağlam hücreden elde edilen DNA molekülü bile değerlendirilebilmekte ve mahkemeye %99.999 olasılık ile sonuç verilebilmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adli DNA Analizleri, Adli Bilimler, Polimorfizm, Kimliklendirme, Biyolojik Delil

Kaynakça

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