A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCES OF CHATGPT, DEEPL, GOOGLE TRANSLATE AND A HUMAN TRANSLATOR IN COMMUNITY BASED SETTINGS

Öz

The diversity of languages is a remarkable aspect of human civilization, reflecting a wide range of cultures and life experiences. However, this diversity can sometimes pose challenges, especially during interactions with speakers of different languages. Machine translation (MT) offers a solution to minimize the impact of these linguistic barriers. MT enables swift understanding of information, effective idea exchange, and the building of relationships across varied cultural backgrounds. Prominent translation tools include Google MACHINE TRANSLATION, DeepL, Bing Microsoft Translator, and Amazon Translate. Additionally, a newer AI technology, ChatGPT by OpenAI, introduced in November 2022, has been making strides in this domain. This has sparked a debate in various industries about the potential of ChatGPT to replace human roles. A pertinent question in Translation Studies (TS) is the effectiveness of ChatGPT as a translator. It is posited that ChatGPT, akin to other machine learning models, delivers contextually richer translations. This study compares ChatGPT's translation capabilities with those of Google MT and DeepL across different text types, informed by past literature. To conduct this comparison, we selected text types that are traditionally challenging to translate, guided by Katharina Reiss' Text Type Model, which categorizes texts based on their communicative purposes: informative, expressive, and operative. This study assesses the translations of source texts on education, heathcare and law by ChatGBT, DeepL, Google MT, and a human translator, drawing certain conclusions in consideration of these categories. Our research adopts a qualitative approach, evaluating the translations using a machine translation quality model, called the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) model. The insights from this study will benefit T&I researchers interested in machine translation and the users of these technologies.Keywords: ChatGPT, DeepL, Google Translate, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Translation, Translation Quality

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ChatGPT
• DeepL
• Google Translate
• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Translation
• Translation Quality

CHATGBT, DEEPL VE GOOGLE ÇEVİRİ: FARKLI METİN TÜRLERİNDE ÇEVİRİ KALİTESİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Öz

Dil çeşitliliği, çok çeşitli kültürleri ve deneyimleri temsil etmesi bakımından bir zenginlik olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte, bu çeşitliliğin özellikle farklı bir dil konuşan bireylerle iletişim kurarken zaman zaman bir engel teşkil edebileceği de yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Ancak, makine çevirisi (MACHINE TRANSLATION) sayesinde dil engellerinin etkisi azaltılabilir. MT sayesinde bilgi hızlı bir şekilde anlaşılabilir, fikirler başarılı bir şekilde iletebilir ve farklı kültürlerden diğer kişilerle bağlantı kurulabilir. Bu doğrultuda Google MT ve DeepL günümüzde kullanılan en popüler çeviri araçları arasındadır. Bunlar dışında çok sayıda başka araçlar da bulunmaktadır. Son aylarda ise ChatGPT çeviri aracı olarak öne çıkan uygulamalar arasında değerlendirilmektedir. ChatGPT modern yapay zekanın adıdır ve giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. OpenAI'nin Kasım 2022'de ChatGPT'yi piyasaya sürmesinden bu yana, yapay zekanın birçok çalışanın işini elinden alacağı endişesi yaygınlaşmaktadır. “ChatGPT iyi bir çevirmen mi?” sorusu çeviri alanında sıklıkla sorulan bir soru olarak değerlendirilmektedir. ChatGPT'nin, diğer makine öğrenimi modelleri gibi, bağlama dayalı olarak çok daha doğru çeviriler ürettiği iddia edilmektedir. Bu açıdan ele alındığında, mevcut literatür bulgularına dayanarak, ChatGPT'nin etkileyici bir şekilde yapabildiği şeylerden biri metin çevirisi olması nedeniyle farklı metin türlerinde Google MT ve DeepL ile nasıl bir performans sergileyeceği araştırılmaya değer bir konu olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu araştırmada söz konusu bu çeviri araçlarını karşılaştırmak için, Katharina Reiss'ın yaygın çeviri sorunlarını vurgulayan metin türü modeli referans alınmıştır. Reiss’a göre, iletişimsel işlevlerine göre üç metin türü bulunmaktadır: bilgilendirici metinler, anlatımcı (dışavurumsal) metinler ve işlevsel metinler. Buna göre bu araştırmanın amacı eğitim, sağlık ve hukuk alanlarından metinlerinin insan çevirisi, Google MT çevirisi, DeepL çevirisi ve ChatGPT çevirisi arasında karşılaştırmalar yapmak ve buna göre bazı çıkarımlarda bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırma nitel bir çalışmadır. Doküman analizine dayalı olan bu araştırmada, ChatGPT, DeepL, Google MT insan çevirmen tarafından yapılan çeviriler Çok Boyutlu Kalite Ölçütleri (ÇBKÖ) modeline göre değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların, makine çevirisiyle ilgilenen araştırmacılarının yanı sıra bu teknolojilerin kullanıcıları için de faydalı olması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ChatGPT
• DeepL
• Google Translate
• Yapay Zekâ
• Makine Çevirisi
• Çeviri Kalitesi
• İnsan Çevirisi

Kaynakça

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