LIBOR KAVRAMI VE LIBOR’UN MULTİ-LAYER PERCEPTRON İLE TAHMİNİ

Öz

1970'lerden beri yaşanan ekonomik gelişmeler ve faiz oranlarındaki aşırı oynaklık, uzun vadeli borçlanmalarda yeni çözümler gerektirmiştir. Bu kapsamda, değişken faiz oranları için bir karşılaştırma aracı olan Londra Bankalararası Teklif Faizi (LIBOR) önemli bir çözüm olmuştur. 1986’da BBA tarafından referans faiz oranı olarak hesaplanan LIBOR’un kullanımı 2008 Küresel Finans Krizi’ne kadar artmış, ancak kriz sonrası manipülasyon iddialarıyla sorgulanarak 2020’lerde ABD’de SOFR, Birleşik Krallık’ta SONIA ve AB’de ESTR ile değiştirilmiştir. Uzun yıllar bankalararası borçlanma maliyetlerini belirleyen LIBOR'un gelecekteki değerinin tahmini, şirketler ve ülkeler için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Faiz oranı modellemesi Louis Bachelier’in 1900’deki Aritmetik Brown Hareketi (ABM) çalışmasıyla başlamıştır. Günümüzde LIBOR Piyasa Modeli (LMM) yaygın olsa da karmaşıklığı, kalibrasyon sorunları, simülasyon gerekliliği ve LIBOR'un sona ermesiyle kullanımı sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, faiz hareketlerinin doğrusal ve parametrik olmaması nedeniyle geleneksel ekonometrik yöntemler yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu nedenle yapay zeka uygulaması olan Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı (MLP) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yeterli SOFR verisi olmaması gibi nedenlerle, bir aylık LIBOR bağımlı, FED politika faizi ise bağımsız değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Hem eşbütünleşme hem de MLP analizleri, LIBOR'un FED politika faizi ile birebir hareket ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. FED Politika Faiz Oranının doğru tahmini, gelecekteki LIBOR oranının da isabetli tahminini mümkün kılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Londra Bankalararası Teklif Faizi (LIBOR)
• LIBOR Piyasa Modeli (LMM)
• Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı (MLP)

Libor Concept and Libor’s Estimation With Multi-Layer Perceptron

Öz

Economic developments since the 1970s and excessive volatility in interest rates have necessitated new solutions for long-term borrowing. In this context, the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), a comparison tool for variable interest rates, has been an important solution. The use of LIBOR, calculated as a reference interest rate by the BBA in 1986, increased until the 2008 Global Financial Crisis but was subsequently questioned due to post-crisis manipulation allegations and replaced in the 2020s by SOFR in the US, SONIA in the UK, and ESTR in the EU. The estimation of the future value of LIBOR, which determined interbank borrowing costs for many years, is of great importance for companies and countries. Interest rate modeling began with Louis Bachelier's 1900 work on Arithmetic Brownian Motion (ABM). Although the LIBOR Market Model (LMM) is widely used today, its application is limited due to its complexity, calibration problems, simulation requirements, and the discontinuation of LIBOR. In this study, traditional econometric methods were insufficient as interest rate movements were not linear and parametric. Therefore, the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) method, an artificial intelligence application, was used. Due to reasons such as the lack of sufficient SOFR data, one-month LIBOR was taken as the dependent variable and the FED policy rate as the independent variable. Both cointegration and MLP analyses reveal that LIBOR moves one-to-one with the FED policy rate. The correct estimation of the FED Policy Rate will enable an accurate estimation of the future LIBOR rate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• The London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
• LIBOR Market Model (LMM)
• Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)

Kaynakça

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