Araştırma Makalesi
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AMBE J. NJOH, SUSAN DENYER VE RICHARD W. HULL ÜZERİNDEN AFRİKA YEREL KONUT BİÇİMLERİ VE TASARIM YAKLAŞIMLARI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 6, 84 - 95, 31.08.2021

Öz

Yapılan genetik çalışmalar, günümüzde Afrika’da yaşayan Khoisan ve Bantu Kabilelerinin ve Nil ve Güney Sudan alt familyalarına ait dilleri konuşan kabilelerin, ilk modern insan türü olan Homo sapiens ile çok yakın bir gen havuzuna sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda Afrika’da bu kabileler içerisinde, görece daha yalıtılmış bir yaşam süren ve Homo sapiens’in erken dönem yerleşim kültürüne benzer bir mimari anlayışı benimsemiş olan kabilelerin, geleneksel mimarlık ürünlerini incelemek önem kazanmaktadır. Bu makalede, Afrika’da görülen farklı etnik gruplara ait konut biçimlenişlerinin evrimleşmesi, araştırmacı bilim insanları Ambe J. Njoh, Susan Denyer, Richard W. Hull tarafından yapılan temel çalışmalar üzerinden incelenmiştir. Makalenin temel metodu, niteliksel bir araştırma, teorik okuma ve açımlama üstünde şekillenmektedir. Makale Türkçe dilinde yazılmış Afrika’daki yerel kabilelerin konut tasarım ilkeleri ve biçim gelişimine dair teorik yaklaşımları içeren literatür eksikliğini doldurmak amacıyla yazılmıştır. Makale, Afrika yerel mimarlığı içerisinde kullanılan malzeme ve teknik iklim koşullarına göre değişiklik gösterdiği söylemektedir. Ortaya konulan en önemli bulgu ise, günümüzde durum tersine dönse bile, Afrika yerel mimarisinde, yuvarlak planlı konutlar dikdörtgen planlı konutlara göre daha fazla kullanılmıştır. Bu durum gerek işlevsel gerek estetik açıdan bölge insanları tarafından daha avantajlı bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Blier, S. P. (1983). Houses are human: Architectural self-images of Africa's Tamberma. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 42, 371-382.
  • Bourdier, J.-P., & Trinh, T. M.-H. (2011). Vernacular architecture of West Africa: A world in dwelling. Abingdon, Oxon, England: Routledge.
  • Bourgeois, J.-L. (1983). Spectacular vernacular: Traditional desert architecture from West Africa and Southwest Asia. Washington, D.C.: The Service.
  • Crouch, D. P., & Johnson, J. G. (2001). Traditions in architecture: Africa, America, Asia, and Oceania. New York: Oxford University.
  • Denyer, S. (1978). African traditional architecture: An historical and geographical perspective. New York, N.Y: Africana.
  • Dunsworth, H. M. (2007). Human origins 101. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
  • Elleh, N. (1997). African architecture: Evolution and transformation. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hart, D., & Sussman, R. W. (2009). Man the hunted: Primates, predators, and human evolution. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Hull, R. W. (1972). Munyakare: African civilization before the Batuuree. New York: John Wiley.
  • Hull, R. W. (1976). African cities and towns before the European conquest. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
  • Hull, R. W. (1981). Southern Africa: Civilizations in turmoil. New York: New York University Press.
  • Leakey, R. E. (1982). Human origins. New York: Lodestar Books.
  • Njoh, A. J. (1999). Urban planning, housing and spatial structures in Sub-Saharan Africa: Nature, impact and development implications of exogenous forces. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Njoh, A. J. (2015). Planning power: Town planning and social control in colonial Africa. London: UCL Press.
  • Njoh, A. J. (2020). Nature in the built environment: Global politico-economic, geo-ecologic and socio-historical perspectives. Cham: Springer.
  • Njoh, W. J. (2006). Tradition, culture and development in Africa: Historical lessons for modern development planning. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Prussin, L. (1974). An introduction to indigenous African architecture. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 33, 183-205.

AFRICAN INDIGENOUS HOUSING FORMS AND DESIGN APPROACHES THROUGH THE WORKS OF AMBE J. NJOH, SUSAN DENYER AND RICHARD W. HULL

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 6, 84 - 95, 31.08.2021

Öz

Genetic studies have shown that the Khoisan and Bantu tribes living in Africa today, and the tribes speaking languages belonging to the Nile and South Sudanese subfamilies, have a very close gene pool with Homo sapiens, the first modern human species. In this context, it is vital to examine the traditional architectural products of the tribes in Africa, who lived a relatively more isolated life and adopted an architectural understanding similar to the early settlement culture of Homo sapiens. In this article, the evolution of housing formations of different ethnic groups in Africa is examined through basic studies by research scientists Ambe J. Njoh, Susan Denyer, and Richard W. Hull. The primary method of the article is based on qualitative research, theoretical reading and exposition. The article was written to fill the lack of literature written in Turkish language containing the theoretical approaches to the housing design principles and form development of the local tribes in Africa. The article states that the materials and techniques used in African local architecture vary according to climatic conditions. The most important finding is that even if the situation is reversed today, circular-planned houses have been used more than rectangular-planned houses in African local architecture. Using a circular plan have been considered more advantageous by the region's people in terms of functionality and aesthetics.

Kaynakça

  • Blier, S. P. (1983). Houses are human: Architectural self-images of Africa's Tamberma. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 42, 371-382.
  • Bourdier, J.-P., & Trinh, T. M.-H. (2011). Vernacular architecture of West Africa: A world in dwelling. Abingdon, Oxon, England: Routledge.
  • Bourgeois, J.-L. (1983). Spectacular vernacular: Traditional desert architecture from West Africa and Southwest Asia. Washington, D.C.: The Service.
  • Crouch, D. P., & Johnson, J. G. (2001). Traditions in architecture: Africa, America, Asia, and Oceania. New York: Oxford University.
  • Denyer, S. (1978). African traditional architecture: An historical and geographical perspective. New York, N.Y: Africana.
  • Dunsworth, H. M. (2007). Human origins 101. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
  • Elleh, N. (1997). African architecture: Evolution and transformation. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hart, D., & Sussman, R. W. (2009). Man the hunted: Primates, predators, and human evolution. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Hull, R. W. (1972). Munyakare: African civilization before the Batuuree. New York: John Wiley.
  • Hull, R. W. (1976). African cities and towns before the European conquest. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
  • Hull, R. W. (1981). Southern Africa: Civilizations in turmoil. New York: New York University Press.
  • Leakey, R. E. (1982). Human origins. New York: Lodestar Books.
  • Njoh, A. J. (1999). Urban planning, housing and spatial structures in Sub-Saharan Africa: Nature, impact and development implications of exogenous forces. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Njoh, A. J. (2015). Planning power: Town planning and social control in colonial Africa. London: UCL Press.
  • Njoh, A. J. (2020). Nature in the built environment: Global politico-economic, geo-ecologic and socio-historical perspectives. Cham: Springer.
  • Njoh, W. J. (2006). Tradition, culture and development in Africa: Historical lessons for modern development planning. Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Prussin, L. (1974). An introduction to indigenous African architecture. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 33, 183-205.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hasan Basri Kartal 0000-0003-1586-9596

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Kartal, H. B. (2021). AMBE J. NJOH, SUSAN DENYER VE RICHARD W. HULL ÜZERİNDEN AFRİKA YEREL KONUT BİÇİMLERİ VE TASARIM YAKLAŞIMLARI. International Journal of Arts and Social Studies, 4(6), 84-95.

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