THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF BELT & ROAD INITIATIVE FOR CENTRAL ASIA

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 79 - 94, 30.06.2021

Yavuz Çelik

Öz

Çin, 1991'de Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından bu yana hem ekonomik hem de stratejik bir ortak olarak Orta Asya'da önemli bir konum elde etti. Orta Asya devletleri, Çin'in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi (BRI) çerçevesi altındaki ekonomik planları ve altyapı faaliyetlerini göz önünde bulundurarak, ekonomilerinin ve - bir şekilde politikalarının - Rusya'nın etkisinden ziyade daha çok Çin etkisine göre şekillendiği tarihlerinde önemli bir döneme yaklaşıyorlar ve BRI bu senaryoyu destekliyor. Bugün Çin, bölgede önemli bir söz sahibi ve Orta Asya ekonomileri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip, özellikle de Kuşak ve Yol ile saygılı bir şekilde işbirliği yapan ve karşılıklı fayda sağlamaya çalışan beş ülkede, Kazakistan, Özbekistan, Kırgızistan, Tacikistan, Türkmenistan . Bu politikada, ikili ilişkiler yoluyla, Çin, Pasifik'ten Baltık Denizi'ne stratejik bölgesel yerlere trafik bağlantısını iyileştirme sözü veriyor. Asya'da, özellikle Orta Asya'da yeni bir ekonomik Kuşak oluşturmak için Çin Devlet Başkanı Xi Jinping, Çin ve Orta Asya ülkelerinin iletişimlerini hızlandırmaları, karayolu bağlantılarını iyileştirmeleri ve ticareti daha da artırmaları gerektiğini öne sürdü. Finansal entegrasyon için Çin hükümeti, Çin'in ticaret ortaklarıyla bağlantı kurması için gerekli altyapıyı geliştirme çabasının bir parçası olan Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası'nı (AIIB) kurdu. Çin, BRI gibi AIBB'yi de Orta Asya'daki devletlerin ihtiyaçlarını da göz önünde bulundurarak ekonomik başarısını yinelemek için bir araç olarak görüyor. Orta Asya ülkeleri ile Çin arasında yeni yaklaşımlar, başarılar, fırsatlar, zorluklar ve engeller mevcuttur. Her ülkenin çıkarına göre, diğer komşu ve bölge ötesi ülkeler bu ilişkiyi doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkiler ve bu etkiye verilen tepkileri çeşitlidir. O halde odak noktası, Orta Asya için Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin stratejik sonuçlarını ve bu bölgenin şimdiye kadar buna nasıl yanıt verdiğini anlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BRI, Çin, Orta Asya, Rusya, AIIB

THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF BELT & ROAD INITIATIVE FOR CENTRAL ASIA

Öz

China has gained a significant position in Central Asia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, both as an economic and strategic partner. Central Asian states are approaching a cornerstone for their history, in which their economies and - somehow their policies - are shaped more towards Chinese influence rather than Russia’s, considering that China’s economic plans and infrastructure activities under the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) framework, the BRI have bolstered this scenario. Today, China is an important steak-holder in the region and has a real impact on Central Asian economies, especially the five countries, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, which have respectfully cooperated and sought to achieve mutual benefits through the BRI. In this policy, through bilateral relations, China promises to improve the traffic connectivity to the strategic regional places from the Pacific to the Baltic Sea. In order to create a new economic Belt in Asia, particularly in Central Asia, China's President Xi Jinping suggested that China and Central Asian countries must expedite their communication, improve road connectivity, and further trade. For financial integration, the Chinese government created the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), which is part of China's broader push to develop the necessary infrastructure to connect China with trading partners. China considers the AIBB, like the BRI, as a tool to replicate its economic success by considering the needs of the states in Central Asia. New approaches, achievements, opportunities, challenges, and obstacles exist between the Central Asian countries and China. According to each country's interest, other neighboring and trans-regional countries direct and indirectly influence this relationship, and the reaction or response to this influence is diverse. The focus, then, is to comprehend the strategic implications of the BRI for Central Asia and how this region so far has answered to it.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The BRI, Central Asia, the AIIB, China, Russia

Kaynakça

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