İZLANDA’NIN JEOMİRAS POTANSİYELİNE BAZI ÖRNEKLER

Öz

Jeomiras, dünyanın önemi nedeniyle korunmaya değer görülen varlıkları için kullanılan bir kavram olup, doğal ve beşeri varlıklar jeomirasın kapsamı içerisinde yer almaktadır. Son yıllarda jeomiras varlıklarını konu alan ve ekoturizmin bir kolu olan jeoturizm ilgi çeken bir kavram olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İzlanda’nın jeomiras potansiyelini oluşturan bazı doğal varlıkların, potansiyel risklerle birlikte değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Atlantik Ortası Sırt Sistemi üzerinde yer alan İzlanda, dünyanın en büyük volkanik adasıdır. Bu durum nedeniyle son yıllarda Dünya’da jeomiras ve jeoturizm için önemli lokasyon alanı haline gelmiştir. Genç volkanizma ile şekillenen ada üzerinde jeomiras varlığı olarak çok sayıda şelale, güncel buzul, proglasyal göl, kanyon vadi, aktif volkan, gayzer ve krater bulunmaktadır. Jeomiras varlıklarından Gullfoss, Avrupa’nın en iyi şelalelerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sivartifoss, bazalt sütunları ile ziyaretçilerin ilgisini çeken bir şelaledir. Skaftafell buzulu, Avrupa’nın en büyük buzulu olan Vatnajökull’un dil kısmını oluşturan jeomiras varlığıdır. Volkanikler üzerinde gelişen Fjaðrárgljúfur Kanyonu şelaleleri ile de dikkat çekmektedir. Avrupa’nın püsküren tek sıcak su kaynakları geysir jeotermal alanında bulunmaktadır. İzlanda’da 2010-2018 yılları arasında jeomiras varlıklarına bağlı olarak yabancı ziyaretçi sayısı yaklaşık 5 kat artmıştır. Bu nedenle adanın jeomiras kaynaklarının korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması için bozulmalara neden olan antropojenik baskılar azaltılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İzlanda
• Jeomiras
• Şelale
• Buzul
• Gayzer

SOME EXAMPLES OF ICELAND’S GEOHERITAGE POTENTIAL

Abstract

Geoheritage is a concept used for the assets of the world that are considered worthy of protection due to their importance, and natural and human assets are included in the scope of geoheritage. Being a branch of ecotourism and the subject of geoheritage assets, geotourism has been used as an interesting concept in recent years. This study aims to evaluate some of the natural assets that constitute Iceland’s geoheritage potential, along with potential risks. Located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge System, Iceland is the largest volcanic island in the world. This fact has made the island an important location for geoheritage and geotourism in the world over recent years. There are many waterfalls, current glaciers, proglacial lakes, canyon valleys, active volcanoes, geysers and craters on the island, which was shaped by young volcanism. One of the most notable geomiras features, Gullfoss, is considered one of the best waterfalls in Europe. Svartifoss is another prominent waterfall that attracts visitors due to its basalt columns. The Skaftafell glacier, which forms a part of Vatnajökull, the largest glacier in Europe, is another significant geomiras site. The Fjaðrárgljúfur Canyon, developed on volcanic terrain, is also known for its impressive waterfalls. The only erupting hot springs in Europe are located in the Geysir geothermal area. The number of foreign visitors to Iceland due to geoheritage assets increased approximately 5 times between 2010-2018. Therefore, anthropogenic pressures that cause degradation should be reduced in order to protect the island’s geoheritage resources and pass them on to future generations.

Keywords

• Iceland
• geoheritage
• waterfall
• glacier
• geysir

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