İZLANDA’NIN JEOMİRAS POTANSİYELİNE BAZI ÖRNEKLER

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 329 - 352, 25.06.2025

Vedat Avci

https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1621087

Öz

Jeomiras, dünyanın önemi nedeniyle korunmaya değer görülen varlıkları için kullanılan bir
kavram olup, doğal ve beşeri varlıklar jeomirasın kapsamı içerisinde yer almaktadır. Son
yıllarda jeomiras varlıklarını konu alan ve ekoturizmin bir kolu olan jeoturizm ilgi çeken bir
kavram olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İzlanda’nın jeomiras potansiyelini oluşturan
bazı doğal varlıkların, potansiyel risklerle birlikte değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Atlantik
Ortası Sırt Sistemi üzerinde yer alan İzlanda, dünyanın en büyük volkanik adasıdır. Bu durum
nedeniyle son yıllarda Dünya’da jeomiras ve jeoturizm için önemli lokasyon alanı haline
gelmiştir. Genç volkanizma ile şekillenen ada üzerinde jeomiras varlığı olarak çok sayıda
şelale, güncel buzul, proglasyal göl, kanyon vadi, aktif volkan, gayzer ve krater bulunmaktadır.
Jeomiras varlıklarından Gullfoss, Avrupa’nın en iyi şelalelerinden biri olarak kabul
edilmektedir. Sivartifoss, bazalt sütunları ile ziyaretçilerin ilgisini çeken bir şelaledir. Skaftafell
buzulu, Avrupa’nın en büyük buzulu olan Vatnajökull’un dil kısmını oluşturan jeomiras
varlığıdır. Volkanikler üzerinde gelişen Fjaðrárgljúfur Kanyonu şelaleleri ile de dikkat
çekmektedir. Avrupa’nın püsküren tek sıcak su kaynakları geysir jeotermal alanında
bulunmaktadır. İzlanda’da 2010-2018 yılları arasında jeomiras varlıklarına bağlı olarak
yabancı ziyaretçi sayısı yaklaşık 5 kat artmıştır. Bu nedenle adanın jeomiras kaynaklarının
korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması için bozulmalara neden olan antropojenik baskılar
azaltılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İzlanda , Jeomiras , Şelale , Buzul , Gayzer

SOME EXAMPLES OF ICELAND’S GEOHERITAGE POTENTIAL

Öz

Geoheritage is a concept used for the assets of the world that are considered worthy of
protection due to their importance, and natural and human assets are included in the scope
of geoheritage. Being a branch of ecotourism and the subject of geoheritage assets,
geotourism has been used as an interesting concept in recent years. This study aims to
evaluate some of the natural assets that constitute Iceland’s geoheritage potential, along
with potential risks. Located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge System, Iceland is the largest volcanic
island in the world. This fact has made the island an important location for geoheritage and
geotourism in the world over recent years. There are many waterfalls, current glaciers,
proglacial lakes, canyon valleys, active volcanoes, geysers and craters on the island, which
was shaped by young volcanism. One of the most notable geomiras features, Gullfoss, is
considered one of the best waterfalls in Europe. Svartifoss is another prominent waterfall
that attracts visitors due to its basalt columns. The Skaftafell glacier, which forms a part of
Vatnajökull, the largest glacier in Europe, is another significant geomiras site. The
Fjaðrárgljúfur Canyon, developed on volcanic terrain, is also known for its impressive
waterfalls. The only erupting hot springs in Europe are located in the Geysir geothermal area.
The number of foreign visitors to Iceland due to geoheritage assets increased approximately
5 times between 2010-2018. Therefore, anthropogenic pressures that cause degradation
should be reduced in order to protect the island’s geoheritage resources and pass them on
to future generations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iceland , geoheritage , waterfall , glacier , geysir

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