Postmodern Japon Edebiyatı Bağlamında Murakami Haruki

Öz

Postmodern edebiyatın kökeni ve tanımı Batı kaynaklı olduğundan Japonya için postmodernizm algısı sorunsallaşmaktadır. Ancak postmodern edebiyattaki pek çok unsurun hâlihazırda Japon edebiyatında mevcut olduğu ve yüksek üretim ve tüketim toplumu olan Japonya’nın kendiliğinden postmodern unsurları barındırdığı görülmektedir. Dahası, küreselleşme ve kültürler arası alışverişler de çağdaş Japon edebiyatını büyük ölçüde şekillendirmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı postmodern Japon edebiyatına genel bir bakış getirerek Japon yazar Murakami Haruki'nin edebi tarzının postmodernliğine odaklanmaktır. Postmodern Japon edebiyatı, teknolojinin, aşırı tüketimin ve geleneksel değerlerin sorgulanmasının etkisi de dâhil olmak üzere Japonya'daki sosyal ve kültürel değişiklikleri yansıtır. Murakami, eserlerinde hem Doğu'nun hem de Batı'nın unsurlarını birleştirdiği için çalışmalarının tarzı başlı başına Japon, Doğulu veya Batılı olarak kategorize edilemez. Murakami’nin eserlerinde ideallerini ve benliğini kaybeden bireyin postmodern dünyası tasvir edilirken geleneksel olmayan ikili karşıtlıklara meydan okunmakta ve geleneksel idealler sorgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak yazar, semboller ve metaforlar ile bezeli romanlarında üstkurmaca ve metinlerarasılık gibi postmodern unsurları kullanıp geleneksel kalıpların dışına çıkarak anlatı sınırlarını aşmakta ve kendi postmodern dünyasını yaratmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Postmodernizm
• Japon edebiyatı
• Japon romanı
• Haruki Murakami

Murakami Haruki in the Context of Postmodern Japanese Literature

Öz

The perception of postmodernism becomes problematic for Japan since the origin and definition of postmodern literature is mainly Western origin, However, it is seen that many elements in postmodern literature are already exist in Japanese literature since being a part of high production and consumption society. Moreover, globalization and intercultural exchanges shape contemporary Japanese literature to a great extent. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of postmodern Japanese literature and to focus on the postmodernity of the literary style of Japanese author, Haruki Murakami. Postmodern Japanese literature reflects social and cultural changes in Japan, including the impact of technology, excessive consumption, and the questioning of traditional values. Murakami's style cannot be categorized as Japanese, Eastern, or Western, as he combines elements of East and West in his works. Murakami's works depict a postmodern world in which an individual loses his ideals and self, while challenging unconventional binary oppositions and questions traditional ideals. As a result, the author transcends narrative boundaries and creates his own postmodern world using postmodern elements such as metafiction and intertextuality in his novels with symbols and metaphors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Postmodernism
• Japanese literature
• Japanese novel
• Haruki Murakami

Kaynakça

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