Analysis of Visitor Experiences in Battlefields in The Context of Dark Tourism

Öz

Dark tourism is a type of tourism that involves visits to memorial sites, museums, and cemeteries to commemorate painful events experienced by societies in the past and to honor those who lost their lives in disasters and national heroes. This research aims to examine visitors' experiences at the Aziziye and Mecidiye Forts within the Commander-in Chief Historical National Park and Nene Hatun National Park, which are dark tourism destinations in Türkiye, as well as the emotional, identity-related, and cultural reflections of these experiences. The study was conducted using the phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research methods; data were obtained by analyzing online visitor comments on Google and TripAdvisor platforms using thematic analysis. The findings show that visitors expressed deep emotional responses in all three areas, with national identity, heroism, and spiritual values coming to the fore. Although the Aziziye and Mecidiye Forts inspire pride with their tales of heroism, they are a source of disappointment due to neglect. The Commander in-Chief National Park is the area where national pride and spirituality are felt most intensely. The study has revealed that these war-zone destinations contribute to strengthening national identity by keeping collective memory alive. Consequently, strengthening the maintenance, management, and information infrastructure of these areas is recommended as a fundamental requirement for enhancing the emotional and educational experience. the emotional and educational experience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dark Tourism
• Battlefield Tourism
• Tourist Experience
• The Commander-in-Chief Historical National Park
• Nene Hatun Historical National Park

Etik Beyan

This study is based on secondary data obtained from publicly accessible user reviews on the TripAdvisor platform. No direct interaction with participants occurred during data collection; usernames, profile links, and any potentially identifiable information were anonymized in the manuscript and were not included in reporting. Therefore, since the study did not involve an intervention with human participants, institutional ethics approval was not required. Informed consent was not obtained as the research relied solely on publicly available secondary data.

Hüzün Turizmi Bağlamında Savaş Alanlarında Ziyaretçi Deneyimlerinin Analizi

Öz

Hüzün turizmi, toplumların geçmişte yaşadığı acı olayları anmak, felaketlerde yaşamını yitirenleri ve ulusal kahramanları onurlandırmak amacıyla anıtsal alanlara, müzelere ve şehitliklere yapılan ziyaretleri kapsayan bir turizm türüdür. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’deki hüzün turizmi destinasyonlarından olan Başkomutanlık Tarihi Millî Parkı ile Nene Hatun Millî Parkı bünyesindeki Aziziye ve Mecidiye Tabyalarında ziyaretçilerin deneyimlerini, bu deneyimlerin duygusal, kimliksel ve kültürel yansımalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji yaklaşımıyla yürütülmüş; veriler Google ve TripAdvisor platformlarında yer alan çevrim içi ziyaretçi yorumlarının tematik analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, üç alanda da ziyaretçilerin derin duygusal tepkiler verdiğini, milli kimlik, kahramanlık ve manevi değerlerin öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Aziziye ve Mecidiye Tabyaları, kahramanlık anlatılarıyla gurur uyandırsa da bakımsızlık nedeniyle hayal kırıklığı yaratmaktadır. Başkomutanlık Millî Parkı ise ulusal gurur ve maneviyatın en yoğun hissedildiği alandır. Çalışma, savaş alanı niteliğindeki bu destinasyonların kolektif hafızayı canlı tutarak ulusal kimliğin güçlenmesine katkı sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu alanların bakım, yönetim ve bilgilendirme altyapısının güçlendirilmesi, duygusal ve eğitimsel deneyimi artırmak için temel bir gereklilik olarak önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hüzün Turizmi
• Savaş Alanları Turizmi
• Turist Deneyimi
• Başkomutanlık Tarihi Milli Parkı
• Nene Hatun Tarihi Milli Parkı

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, TripAdvisor platformunda kamuya açık olarak erişilebilen kullanıcı yorumlarından elde edilen ikincil veriye dayanmaktadır. Veri toplama sürecinde katılımcılarla doğrudan iletişim kurulmamış; kullanıcı adları, profil bağlantıları ve kimliği belirleyebilecek tüm unsurlar çalışma metninde anonimleştirilmiş ve raporlamaya dâhil edilmemiştir. Bu nedenle çalışma, insan katılımcılar üzerinde müdahale içeren bir araştırma niteliği taşımadığından etik kurul onayı alınmasına gerek duyulmamıştır. Kamuya açık ikincil veriye dayanması nedeniyle bireysel aydınlatılmış onam alınmamıştır.

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