Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

TAKIM SPORLARI İLE BİREYSEL SPOR YAPANLARIN PSİKOLOJİK KARAKTERİSTİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ VE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 55 - 70, 30.06.2020

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, takım sporcuları ve bireysel sporlar ile uğraşan sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık, zihinsel beceriler ve psikolojik iyi oluş parametrelerinin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmaya 97’si takım sporları ve 66’sı ise bireysel sporlarla uğraşan sporcular gönüllü olarak katılmışlardır. Bununla birlikte 15-26 yaş arasında 101 kadın ve 62 erkek toplam 163 sporcu çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerini belirlemek üzere Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği; zihinsel becerilerini belirlemek üzere Bull Zihinsel Beceriler Ölçeği ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sporcuların sahip oldukları değerlerin karşılaştırılması amacıyla Bağımsız Örneklem T testi kullanılmıştır. Bu analiz ve testler 22.0 SPSS programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda zihinsel beceriler arasında zihinsel hazırlık ve kendine güven becerilerinde anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyinde kendine güven ve kontrol alt boyutlarında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinde ise anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre farklılık olup olmadığı incelendiğinde ise zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyinde kontrol alt boyutunda ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyinde çevre hâkimiyeti ve diğerleriyle olumlu ilişkiler boyutlarında anlamlı farklılığa ulaşılmıştır (p<0.05). Diğer alt boyutlar ve zihinsel beceriler de ise anlamlı fark görülmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, seçilen psikolojik parametrelerin takım ve bireysel sporlardaki psikolojik süreçleri geliştirmede önemli yer aldıkları ifade edilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Aşçı, H., Doğu, G., Yaman, H., Mirzeoğlu, N., Çelebi, M., Kirazcı, S., Mirzeoğlu, D., Özbey, S., Bağırgan, T. (2011). (Editör: Nevzat Mirzeoğlu). Spor Bilimlerine Giriş. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Spor Yayınevi.
  • Bull, S., Albinson, J. & Shambrook, C., (1996). The Mental Game Plan. Getting Psyched for Sport. Eastbourne, East Sussex: Sports Dynamics.
  • Cenkseven, F. (2004). Üniversite öğrencilerinde öznel ve psikolojik iyi olmanın yordayıcılarının incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi, Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Davidson, D.L. & Edwards, S.D. (2014). Evaluation of a mental skills training programme for high school rugby players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20(2:1), 511-529.
  • Dierendonck, D. (2005). The construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 629-643.
  • Edwards, D.J. & Edwards, S.D. (2012). Mental skills of South African male high school rugby players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 18(1), 166-172.
  • Hall, C.R. (2001) Imagery in sport and exercise. In Handbook of research on sport psychology, 2nd ed., New York:Wiley, 529-549.
  • Holland MJ, Woodcock C, Cumming J, Duda JL. (2010). Mental Qualities and Employed Mental Techniques of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 19-38. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.1.19.
  • Jooste, J., (2012). The Relationship Between Mental Skills and Level of Cricket Participation, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pretoria University, Güney Afrika.
  • Jooste, J., Steyn, B.J.M., Van Den Berg, K., (2014). South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 36(1):85-100.
  • Karaçam, A., (2016). Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Başarı Algılarında Yordayıcı olarak Akademik İyimserlik, Psikolojik İyi Oluş ve Fiziksel Kaygı, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, 85-95, Ankara.
  • Kruger, A., Edwards, D.J. & Edwards, S.D. (2013). Research report on South African university mental skills norms for six sports. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 19(4:2), 1060-1067.
  • Kruger, A., Edwards, D.J. & Edwards, S.D. (2015). Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnairevalidation in an Afrikaans speaking population. African Journal for Physical, Health Education,Recreation and Dance, 21(2), 612-618.
  • Kusan, O., (2017). 13-15 yaş obez erkek çocukların 12 haftalık fiziksel aktivite sonrası beden imajı algısı ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin incelenmesi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi, 95-105, Kütahya.
  • Miçooğulları, B.O., Ekmekçi, R. (2017). Evaluation of a Psychological Skill Training Program on Mental Toughness and Psychological Wellbeing for Professional Soccer Players, Universal Journal of Educational Research; 5 (12): 2312-2319.
  • Miçooğulları B.O. (2017). The Sports mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ): A psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version. Studia Sportiva, 11(2), 90-100.
  • Mori, S.,Ohtni, Y., & Imanaka, K. (2002). Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. Human Movement Science, 213-230.
  • Rathore, M.S.; Singh, Y.P.; Dubey, A. A. (2009). Comparative Study of Mental Toughness of Team and Individual Players of Different C.B.S.E. Schools of Rajasthan. I.I.C.S.P., p.448-449.
  • Rathore M. S., (2018). A comparative study of mental toughness of team and individual players of different schools of Gwalior. International Journal of Yogic,3(2),357-358.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). “Happiness Is Everthing, or is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Savrun M.D., (2016). Tenis Antrenörlerinin Psikolojik İyi Oluş Durumlarının İş Bağlılığına Etkisinin İncelenmesi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 80-87, Eskişehir.
  • Sheard M, Golby J, Van Wersch A (2009). Progress towards construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal Psychological Assessment; 25:186-193.
  • Sheard M. (2013). Mental Toughness: The Mindset Behind Sporting Achievement. Second Edition, Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
  • Singer, R. N. (1988). Strategies and meta-strategies in learning and performing self-paced athletic skills.The Sport Psychologist,2, 49–68.
  • Smith, R.E.,& Christensen, D.S. (1995). Psychological skills as predictors of performance and survival in professional baseball. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,17, 399-415.
  • Snauwaert, E. (2001). A psychometric evaluation of Bull’s mental skills questionnaire: A study on Flemish athletes. Presented at the 10th World Congress of Sport Psychology, Skiathos,Greece.
  • Sorensen S, Jarden A, Schofield G. (2016). Lay Perceptions of Mental Toughness:Understanding Conceptual Similarities and Differences between Lay and Sporting Contexts. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 71-95. Doi: 10.5502/ijw.v6i3.551.
  • Stel, V.S., Smit, J.H., Pluijm, M.F., Visser, M., Deeg, D.J.H. & Lips, P. (2004). Comparison of the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire with a 7-day diary and pedometer. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 57, 252-258.
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.

COMPARISON OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL SPORTS’ ATHLETES

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 55 - 70, 30.06.2020

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine and evaluation of team and individual sports athletes’ mental toughness, mental skills and psychological well-being parameters. 66 individual sports member, 97 team sports member total 163 athletes voluntarily participated. Moreover, 101 female and 62 male amateur athletes between the ages of 15-26 participated in the study. To determine athletes’ mental toughness was measured with Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ); for mental skills’ levels Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnaire (BMSQ) and last variable Psychological Well-Being was measured by Psychological well-being questionnaire (PWBQ). Independent Sample t test was employed to find out the intra-group differences. For those analysis and descriptive values SPSS 22.0 was used. For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05. According to the obtained results, there were meaningful differences between sport types and mental skills and mental toughness skills but there were not meaningful differences between sport types and psychological well-being. Meanwhile, detail analysis between gender and psychological parameters showed that there were meaningful differences between gender and mental toughness and psychological well-being but there were not meaningful differences between gender and mental skills. Finally, it can be concluded that psychological parameters are crucial factors to develop performance within team and individual sports.

Kaynakça

  • Aşçı, H., Doğu, G., Yaman, H., Mirzeoğlu, N., Çelebi, M., Kirazcı, S., Mirzeoğlu, D., Özbey, S., Bağırgan, T. (2011). (Editör: Nevzat Mirzeoğlu). Spor Bilimlerine Giriş. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Spor Yayınevi.
  • Bull, S., Albinson, J. & Shambrook, C., (1996). The Mental Game Plan. Getting Psyched for Sport. Eastbourne, East Sussex: Sports Dynamics.
  • Cenkseven, F. (2004). Üniversite öğrencilerinde öznel ve psikolojik iyi olmanın yordayıcılarının incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi, Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Davidson, D.L. & Edwards, S.D. (2014). Evaluation of a mental skills training programme for high school rugby players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20(2:1), 511-529.
  • Dierendonck, D. (2005). The construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 629-643.
  • Edwards, D.J. & Edwards, S.D. (2012). Mental skills of South African male high school rugby players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 18(1), 166-172.
  • Hall, C.R. (2001) Imagery in sport and exercise. In Handbook of research on sport psychology, 2nd ed., New York:Wiley, 529-549.
  • Holland MJ, Woodcock C, Cumming J, Duda JL. (2010). Mental Qualities and Employed Mental Techniques of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4, 19-38. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.1.19.
  • Jooste, J., (2012). The Relationship Between Mental Skills and Level of Cricket Participation, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pretoria University, Güney Afrika.
  • Jooste, J., Steyn, B.J.M., Van Den Berg, K., (2014). South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 36(1):85-100.
  • Karaçam, A., (2016). Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Başarı Algılarında Yordayıcı olarak Akademik İyimserlik, Psikolojik İyi Oluş ve Fiziksel Kaygı, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, 85-95, Ankara.
  • Kruger, A., Edwards, D.J. & Edwards, S.D. (2013). Research report on South African university mental skills norms for six sports. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 19(4:2), 1060-1067.
  • Kruger, A., Edwards, D.J. & Edwards, S.D. (2015). Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnairevalidation in an Afrikaans speaking population. African Journal for Physical, Health Education,Recreation and Dance, 21(2), 612-618.
  • Kusan, O., (2017). 13-15 yaş obez erkek çocukların 12 haftalık fiziksel aktivite sonrası beden imajı algısı ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin incelenmesi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi, 95-105, Kütahya.
  • Miçooğulları, B.O., Ekmekçi, R. (2017). Evaluation of a Psychological Skill Training Program on Mental Toughness and Psychological Wellbeing for Professional Soccer Players, Universal Journal of Educational Research; 5 (12): 2312-2319.
  • Miçooğulları B.O. (2017). The Sports mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ): A psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version. Studia Sportiva, 11(2), 90-100.
  • Mori, S.,Ohtni, Y., & Imanaka, K. (2002). Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. Human Movement Science, 213-230.
  • Rathore, M.S.; Singh, Y.P.; Dubey, A. A. (2009). Comparative Study of Mental Toughness of Team and Individual Players of Different C.B.S.E. Schools of Rajasthan. I.I.C.S.P., p.448-449.
  • Rathore M. S., (2018). A comparative study of mental toughness of team and individual players of different schools of Gwalior. International Journal of Yogic,3(2),357-358.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). “Happiness Is Everthing, or is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Savrun M.D., (2016). Tenis Antrenörlerinin Psikolojik İyi Oluş Durumlarının İş Bağlılığına Etkisinin İncelenmesi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 80-87, Eskişehir.
  • Sheard M, Golby J, Van Wersch A (2009). Progress towards construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal Psychological Assessment; 25:186-193.
  • Sheard M. (2013). Mental Toughness: The Mindset Behind Sporting Achievement. Second Edition, Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
  • Singer, R. N. (1988). Strategies and meta-strategies in learning and performing self-paced athletic skills.The Sport Psychologist,2, 49–68.
  • Smith, R.E.,& Christensen, D.S. (1995). Psychological skills as predictors of performance and survival in professional baseball. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,17, 399-415.
  • Snauwaert, E. (2001). A psychometric evaluation of Bull’s mental skills questionnaire: A study on Flemish athletes. Presented at the 10th World Congress of Sport Psychology, Skiathos,Greece.
  • Sorensen S, Jarden A, Schofield G. (2016). Lay Perceptions of Mental Toughness:Understanding Conceptual Similarities and Differences between Lay and Sporting Contexts. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 71-95. Doi: 10.5502/ijw.v6i3.551.
  • Stel, V.S., Smit, J.H., Pluijm, M.F., Visser, M., Deeg, D.J.H. & Lips, P. (2004). Comparison of the LASA Physical Activity Questionnaire with a 7-day diary and pedometer. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 57, 252-258.
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İsa Demir Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5358-6688

Serkan İbiş 0000-0001-6313-4370

Bülent Okan Miçooğulları 0000-0001-5258-5766

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, İ., İbiş, S., & Miçooğulları, B. O. (2020). TAKIM SPORLARI İLE BİREYSEL SPOR YAPANLARIN PSİKOLOJİK KARAKTERİSTİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ VE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2), 55-70.